The influence of pollutants on accelerated ageing of parchment with iron gall inks

Ciglanská, Michaela; Jančovičová, Viera; Havlı́nová, Bohuslava; Machatová, Zuzana; Brezová, Vlasta

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2013.09.004

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The most common degradation processes of collagen are oxidation, hydrolysis, and denaturation [6,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liquid water contains H 3 O + and OH − ions that can act as both nucleophilic and electrophilic reagents that can start alkali or acidic hydrolysis of collagen [6,9]. Peptide bonds are broken ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If T s is below 45 °C, leather is classified as heavily deteriorated and specific handling is necessary [6,14,15]. Commonly, IR spectroscopy is widely used technique for studying collagen based materials as parchment or historical and archaeological leathers [9,[17][18][19][20]. Especially, it is used for determination of their secondary and tertiary structures of proteins [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, any values for leather have not been determined yet. Generally, three degradation phenomena are defined [9,17,[28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Model study of the leather degradation by oxidation and hydrolysis

et al. 2019

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Many objects of culture heritage, comprised of leather, need to receive the right treatment to be restored and to elongate their lifespan. Determination of the degradation degree and even better the type of the degradation is a crucial knowledge for the way of subsequent conservation, exhibition and long-term storage. Collagen based materials are very sensitive to the deterioration and undergo, mainly hydrolysis and oxidation. Namely acid hydrolysis and photooxidation are the most often causes of the disintegration of leather. Contrary to the leather investigation, a few studies dedicated to parchment described some typical features of hydrolysis, oxidation and gelatinization observed applying Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) which is widely used in collagen degradation type research. Except of the collagen secondary structure, followed by IR spectroscopy, we determined the shrinkage temperature of the collagen substrate by Micro Hot Table method (MHT) to reach the degradation level. In this paper, artificially degraded leather samples as a theoretical representative of cultural heritage objects were examined. We discuss the use of both techniques (IR and MHT) as potential methods for fast assessment of oxidation and hydrolysis of vegetable tanned leathers and degradation level. New samples of leather tanned by various vegetable tannins were artificially degraded under controlled conditions. We simulated the photooxidation by means of the Xenon arc lamp exposure, oxidation using the soaking in hydrogen peroxide, acid hydrolysis by the soaking in hydrochloric acid and alkaline hydrolysis using the soaking in natrium hydroxide. ATR-FTIR spectra of reference and tested samples were compared. Oxidation causes increase of the distance between amide I (A I ) and amide II (A II ) wavenumbers (Δν) above 100 cm −1 and the intensity ratio between A I and A II bands (A I /A II ) above 1.6. The A I / A II ratio depends on the type of hydrolysis. The increase above 1.8 proves acid hydrolysis while the decrease under 1 demonstrate alkaline hydrolysis. MHT results are not so obvious. Generally, mainly the hydrolysis causes the decrease of the temperatures. We have found out that knowledge of the whole shrinkage interval is important and provides more appropriate information about the leather disintegration.

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“…The most common degradation processes of collagen are oxidation, hydrolysis, and denaturation [6,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, any values for leather have not been determined yet. Generally, three degradation phenomena are defined [9,17,[28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Model study of the leather degradation by oxidation and hydrolysis

et al. 2019

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“…The dark purple color resembles that of the famous gall ink. 48 Here, it indicates the presence of trace Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ ions in the medium of the magnetite dispersion dissolved from the crystalline phase. The absorption band of the GA aromatic ring at 260 nm remains well resolved in the spectrum.…”

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Mechanism of in Situ Surface Polymerization of Gallic Acid in an Environmental-Inspired Preparation of Carboxylated Core–Shell Magnetite Nanoparticles

et al. 2014

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Corresponding authorsM. Szekeres (szekeres@chem.u-szeged.hu) and E. Tombácz (tombacz@chem.u-szeged.hu) Graphical abstract AbstractMagnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) with biocompatible coatings are good candidates for MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) contrasting, magnetic hyperthermia treatments and drug delivery systems. The spontaneous surface induced polymerization of dissolved organic matter on environmental mineral particles inspired us to prepare carboxylated core-shell MNPs by using a ubiquitous polyphenolic precursor. Through the adsorption and in-situ surface polymerization of gallic acid (GA), a polygallate (PGA) coating is formed on the nanoparticles (PGA@MNP) with possible antioxidant capacity. The Polygallate on magnetite nanoparticles Humic matter on clays 2This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. Final edited form is published in Langmuir, 2014, 30:15451−15461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la5038102 present work explores the mechanism of polymerization with the help of potentiometric acid-base titration, dynamic light scattering (for particle size and zeta potential determination), UV-Vis (UVvisible light spectroscopy), FTIR-ATR (Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) techniques. We observed the formation of ester and ether linkages between gallate monomers both in solution and in the adsorbed state. Higher polymers were formed in the course of several weeks both on the surface of nanoparticles and in the dispersion medium. The ratio of the absorbances of PGA supernatants at 400 and 600 nm (i.e., the E4/E6 ratio commonly used to characterize the degree of polymerization of humic materials) was determined to be 4.3, similar to that of humic acids. Combined XPS, dynamic light scattering and FTIR-ATR results revealed that prior to polymerization, the GA monomers became oxidized to polycarboxylic acids due to ring opening while Fe 3+ ions reduced to Fe 2+ . Our published results on the colloidal and chemical stability of PGA@MNPs are referenced thoroughly in the present work. Detailed studies on biocompatibility, antioxidant property and biomedical applicability of the particles will be published.

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Application of EPR in Studies of Archaeological Samples

Pape¹

2016

Modern Magnetic Resonance

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The influence of pollutants on accelerated ageing of parchment with iron gall inks

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Model study of the leather degradation by oxidation and hydrolysis

Model study of the leather degradation by oxidation and hydrolysis

Mechanism of in Situ Surface Polymerization of Gallic Acid in an Environmental-Inspired Preparation of Carboxylated Core–Shell Magnetite Nanoparticles

Application of EPR in Studies of Archaeological Samples

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