The influence of platinum surface oxidation on the performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell—probing changes of catalytically active surface sites on a polycrystalline platinum electrode for the oxygen reduction reaction

Abstract

To obtain fundamental insights into the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, we perform a parallel investigation of the influence of platinum surface oxide (PtO) formation on the electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for a polycrystalline platinum electrode in comparison with a commercial PEM fuel cell. PtO is formed by holding both systems at a constant potential for a given period of time. Conditioning potentials between 0.5 and 1.0 V versus SHE and conditioning times from 5 s up to 10 h are explored, respectively. We find that the voltage difference of the ORR between the oxidized and oxide‐free states depends on both the conditioning potential as well as the conditioning time at a given potential and furthermore increases with the applied target current. The change of the voltage loss over time, the so‐called voltage loss rate α, shows a maximum at potentials between 0.85 and 0.9 V and increases with increasing current density. We discuss various hypotheses to explain these findings obtained by linear voltammetry, Tafel slope analysis, Auger electron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy experiments. Finally, we conclude that the voltage loss rate is influenced by changes in the relative electrocatalytic activity of different crystal facets for the ORR as the oxide coverage varies.

Atomic-scale modeling of the dissolution of oxidized platinum nanoparticles in an explicit water environment

“…42,43 The modeled oxygen monolayer coverages correspond to those on the NPs aer the application of an external voltage in, e.g., a fuel cell and a strong correlation has been shown that increasing the applied potential on the fuel cell increases the oxide coverage on the Pt NPs. [44][45][46] An increase in the temperature of the cell has a much smaller impact on the oxide lm growth rate. 45,46 Even though we are not applying an external potential in these simulations, the coverages modeled are comparable for the entire range of possible oxygen coverage on NPs under operational fuel-cell conditions.…”