The influence of physical activity on ligaments and tendons

Tipton, Charles M.; Matthes, R. D.; Maynard, Jerry A.; Carey, Roberta B.

doi:10.1249/00005768-197500730-00014

Cited by 152 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, the tendon properties in knee extensors were stiffer in LDR than the other two groups. This result agreed with the previous findings obtained in animal experiments, which indicated that endurance training increased the failure load and stiffness of tendons (Tipton, et al, 1975;Woo, et al, 1981). Accordingly, it is likely that the mechanical stress is responsible for the difference in the tendon properties among three groups.…”

Section: Effects Of Sprint and Endurance Training Regimens On The Tensupporting

confidence: 93%

In Vivo Elastic Properties of Human Tendon Structures in Lower Limb

Kubo

2005

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the elastic properties of human tendon structures and their influences on human movements, and to investigate the effects of resistance training on tendon properties. During isometric contraction, the elongations of tendon structures in knee extensors and plantar flexors were measured by means of real-time ultrasonography. The resulting tendon force and elongation relationship was non-linear in form, as previously reported on animal and human cadaver tendons in vitro. The estimated Young's modulus, i.e., the slope of the stress -strain curve, tended to be lower than the previously reported values. In human movements, the elastic properties of tendon structures had a favorable effects on stretch-shortening cycle exercises, possibly because of improved storage and release of elastic energy. Furthermore, the adaptation of the tendon structures to physical training varies with the combinations of intensity, contraction time during exercise as previously observed in the animal experiments. Furthermore, the elastic properties of human tendon structures could be new indices of physical resources in vivo.

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Section: Effects Of Sprint and Endurance Training Regimens On The Tensupporting

confidence: 93%

In Vivo Elastic Properties of Human Tendon Structures in Lower Limb

Kubo

2005

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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“…The exercise program in this study was insufficient to significantly prevent the decrease of lumbar spine mobility, contrary to results of the canine study, in which long-term running exercises seemed to activate collagen metabolism in the posterior annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral discs [38]. Some animal studies suggest that immobilization induces changes in periarticular connective tissue metabolism and increases the rate of collagen turnover, making the formation-degradation balance negative [2,4], while stress decreases the turnover speed and makes the balance positive [3,43]. The exercise program possibly did not concentrate sufficiently on mobility exercises.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Influence of estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and exercise on lumbar spine mobility and low back symptoms in a healthy early postmenopausal female population: a 2-year randomized controlled trial

Kyllönen

Heikkinen

Väänänen

et al. 1998

European Spine Journal

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IntroductionThe greatest prevalence of back symptoms and sciatica in the Finnish female population occurs just after menopause, at between 55 and 64 years, and it starts to increase between 45 and 54 years of age [21]. In an epidemiological study, increased risk of back symptoms without known etiology exists within those who have had premature menopause [1]. Spinal mobility is one aspect of back performance that has been shown by cross-sectional studies to decrease with age and spinal degeneration [5,7,29,31,37,42,45,47]. The fibrocartilaginous intervertebral discs between the vertebrae allow the spine to bend and twist with hydraulic properties. The discs, ligaments, and zygoapophyseal joints, and especially the collagen in them, restrict spinal mobility [13,23,47]. Human intervertebral discs consist of eight different types of collagen [23,47]. Collagen type I is predominant in the outer annulus fibrosus and collagen type II in the inner layers [11,47]. Collagen type I is thought to provide the tensile properties of the annulus fibrosus and other tissues [23]. The tensile properties of collagen depend largely upon the formation of intermolecular cross-links between the constituent molecules [13]. The changes in the proportions of the different collagen types in the spine along with aging and the Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and exercise on the lumbar spine mobility and back symptoms of early postmenopausal women. The population sample consisted of 78 healthy, 49-to 55-year-old women, 0.5-5 years after menopause, who were randomized into three groups, two receiving different protocols of estradiol valerate combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate replacement therapy, and the third group a placebo. These groups were then randomized into exercise and control cases and monitored for 2 years. The mobility of the lumbar spine was measured and symptoms investigated using the Million and Oswestry pain and disability questionnaires and pain drawings at the baseline and after 1 and 2 years. During the followup, the mobility of the lumbar spine decreased in all six groups. The decrease was most evident in those who had been the most flexible at baseline (P < 0.0001). The decrease was less notable in the hormone replacement therapy groups than in the control group. When the replacement therapy groups were pooled together, the difference was significant at a P < 0.05 level. No difference was seen between the hormone combinations. The exercise intervention was insufficient to influence lumbar spine mobility. Only sporadic cases of back symptoms appeared and disappeared among the subjects during the follow-up, and no preventive or aggravating effects of hormone replacement therapy or the exercise program on symptoms were detected.

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“…Absolute fixation of the bone is required for the healing of a fracture. However, in the present experiment in which the limb was not immobilized, the anchoring fiber exerted a slight loading force on the woven bone, which might have produced the regular fiber arrangement [1, 3,5,10,16,26,28,29]. Following in situ hybridization for bone matrix proteins such as matrix gla protein (MGP) obtained during normal fracture healing or non-union fractures, Lawton [ 171 detected heterogeneity of woven bone osteoblasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Early anchoring collagen fibers at the bone—tendon interface are conducted by woven bone formation: light microscope and scanning electron microscope observation using a canine model

Oguma

Murakami

Takahashi-Iwanaga

et al. 2001

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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To clarify the early process of recovery at the bone-tendon interface, we used light microscopy and SEM to examine the process of anchoring of collagen fibers to bone in a canine model.At two weeks, tendon, scar tissue, woven bone and lamellar bone were present at the insertion site. SEM revealed anchoring of collagen fibril bundles of the scar to the woven bone. By 4 weeks, the number of anchoring fibers had increased and a parallel arrangement of fibers was observed. SEM demonstrated deep penetration of fibers into the woven bone layer. In addition, the fibers were observed to project into and intermingle with the scar tissue. By 6 weeks, the anchoring fibers had developed fully and were distributed densely over the interface. SEM also revealed that the collagen fibril bundles in the scar tissue had connected with the collagen fibrils of the woven bone by way of the anchoring bundles. The woven bone was identifiable throughout the early stages of recovery as the interface between soft tissue and hard tissue. Throughout all experimental periods, no staining was observed at the interface of the tendon and bone by Saffranin-0. The formation of woven bone was important during early recovery of the tendonbone interface prior to the completion of fibrocartilage-mediated insertion. 0

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The influence of physical activity on ligaments and tendons

Cited by 152 publications

References 0 publications

In Vivo Elastic Properties of Human Tendon Structures in Lower Limb

In Vivo Elastic Properties of Human Tendon Structures in Lower Limb

Influence of estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and exercise on lumbar spine mobility and low back symptoms in a healthy early postmenopausal female population: a 2-year randomized controlled trial

Early anchoring collagen fibers at the bone—tendon interface are conducted by woven bone formation: light microscope and scanning electron microscope observation using a canine model

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