The influence of perceptions of social disorder and victimization on business owners' decisions to use guardianship strategies

Agency banking business and operators’ risk of exposure to criminal victimisation in Ibadan, Nigeria

“…Generally, business owners belong to a group that criminals usually consider attractive (Macutkiewicz, 2014;Taylor, 2002). In their own analysis of the problem, Casten and Payne (2008) claim that businesses are naturally seen as suitable targets by criminals because they provide both wanted merchandise and customers with money. Consequently, operators of businesses who directly deal with the general public, such as retailers and service providers do experience higher rates of criminal victimisation than people in other sectors (Hopkins and Tilley, 1998;Mawby, 2003).…”

Criminal victimization in South Korea: A multilevel approach

“…Their findings suggested that burglary victimization may vary across different social order because of interactions between social order and household routines. In addition, many recent studies examined the utility of the multilevel of approaches in explaining various different types of crimes and criminal victimization including homicide (Pizarro, Corsaro, & Yu, 2007), the role of public social control (i.e., police) on personal and household victimization (Velez, 2001), adoption of guardianship strategies among business owners (Casten & Payne, 2008), the relationship between gang membership and risk of minority victimizations in disadvantaged neighborhoods (Spano, Freilich, & Bolland, 2008), and the risk of student victimization linked to students' routines and lifestyles within school context (Burrow & Apel, 2008). Collectively, these studies provided empirical evidence showing that the multilevel models were more appropriate to explain the criminal victimization risk.…”

Towards a Place-based Measure of Fear of Crime: A Systematic Review of App-based and Crowdsourcing Approaches

“…Emotional responses of fear of crime affect psychological wellbeing, ease of access to resources, and, in extreme cases, prevents people from leaving home (Hale, 1996). Fear has a wide societal impact affecting sense of community and punitiveness (Hale, 1996); economic impact affecting housing prices (Ceccato & Wilhelmsson, 2012) and business decisions (Casten & Payne, 2008); and environmental impact through a reduction in walkability leading to increased use of high-emission private transport modes (Foster et al, 2012). Fear of crime is also often considered as an outcome when evaluating interventions such as hotspot policing (Braga et al, 2014), CCTV (Lim &, Wilcox 2017), or 'broken windows' initiatives where neighborhood cleanup and zero-tolerance antisocial behavior policies are implemented.…”