The influence of parenting on maladaptive cognitive schema: a cross-sectional research on a group of adults

Abstract

BackgroundThe literature emphasizes the role of early interpersonal experiences in the development of cognitive vulnerability; in particular, interruptions in early family relationships, parental unavailability and dysfunctional parenting are potential evolutionary precursors to negative cognitive style and emotional disorders.Materials and methodsThis study measured the relationship of retrospective ratings on parental bonding with cognitive patterns in a group of Italian adults. The objectives of this study were as follows: to analyze the influence of age and education level on cognitive domains; to verify whether being parents and living at home with parents affect both parenting style and cognitive domains; to investigate how the type of the maternal and paternal parenting independently affects cognitive styles; to measure the predictive variables for the use of cognitive dysfunctional patterns and to investigate age as a moderating variable of the relation between parenting styles and cognitive domains in a group of adult men and women. The research involved 209 adults (118 males and 91 females) living in Sicily (Italy) aged between 20 and 60 years (M = 37.52; SD = 11.42). The research lasted for 1 year. The instruments used were the Parental Bonding Instrument to measure the perception of parenting during childhood and the Young Schema Questionnaire-3 to investigate cognitive patterns.ResultsData show that being a younger adult male with mother’s parenting style characterized by a lower level of nurturance is predictive of the disconnection and rejection domain, whereas, being a younger adult woman, with a higher level of maternal control is predictive of the impaired limits domain.ConclusionThis study underlines that because mothers and fathers establish different bonds with their children, care and control by both parents might impact different domains of development.

Gender stereotypes in occupational choice: a cross-sectional study on a group of Italian adolescents

“…The ways in which each person faces the various transitions are influenced by gender,4 paths and personal experiences,5–7 and individual resources 8,9…”

Psychometric properties and validation of the Italian version of the Family Assessment Measure Third Edition – Short Version – in a nonclinical sample

“…This finding could be explained by the fact that in the Italian culture, roles within the family are much emphasized: in fact, the Italian mothers typically spend more time with their children than father. In addition, the literature underlines that children report higher disclosure with mothers than with fathers, and this element may influence the father’s self-perception 8,35…”

Family Functioning, Perception Of Risky Behavior And Internet Addiction In Italian Adolescents

“…The family assumes an important protective function with respect to the implication of risky behavior in adolescence. In particular, Adalbjarnardottir and Hafsteinsson (2001) https ://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.02.02.9 Corresponding Author: Monica Pellerone Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference eISSN: 70 In general, adequate supervision in a family (such as the knowledge of where the children are placed, which friends they play with, and the activities they perform during their free time) and a monitoring of the conduct of their children (through the establishment of rules, punishments, limits of action and expectations towards the conduct of children) are negatively correlated with the incursion of various risky behaviors and serve as an important factor in promoting well-being in adolescence (Pellerone, Iacolino, Mannino, Formica, & Zabbara, 2017). The protective role of the parental model is also confirmed by a series of researches (Pellerone, Formica, Hernandez Lopez, Migliorisi, & Granà, , 2017;Stanton et al, 2004) on the changes in the balance between parents and children during adolescence, which is protective and is defined as having flexibility in the exercise of control over the behavior of children, which goes in the direction of granting greater space for autonomy and selfregulation of behavior as the age increases (Buist, Dekovic, Meeus, & van Aken, 2004).…”