The influence of oxygen on the chemical reactions during stabilization of pan as carbon fiber precursor

Fitzer, E.; Müller, Dennis

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(75)90259-6

Cited by 295 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The specific surface area was calculated from the N 2 adsorption isotherms in the relative pressure (P/P 0 ) range of 0.02-0.30 according to the BET model (Fitzer and Müller 1975;Sing, 1985). The total pore volume and the average pore size were calculated from adsorption isotherms based on the Quenched Solid Density Functional Theory (QSDFT) model (Neimark et al 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) from two types of electrospun lignin fibers

et al. 2015

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Electrodes has been prepared for application in an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) based on polyethylene glycol lignin (PEGL) and soda lignin (SL) derived from cedar wood. Fibers with a diameter of 23 μm were prepared by direct melt electrospinning of PEGL. Much finer fibers of 3.6 μm diameter were obtained by dry electrospinning of 70% PEGL in a dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution at 145°C. The dry electrospinning of SL alone in an alkaline aqueous solution was not achievable, but this was possible of a mixture of SL and polyethylene glycol (M w = 500 000) at a ratio of 99/1, which resulted in thin SL fibers with a diameter of 0.85 μm. These fibers were converted into activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by thermostabilization, carbonization, and steam activation. The specific Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface areas of the resulting PEGL-ACFs and SL-ACFs were 1880 m 2 g -1 and 1411 m 2 g -1 , respectively. PEGL-ACFs electrodes with an organic electrolyte exhibited an impedance of 1.6 Ω and a specific capacitance of 92.6 F g -1 at a scan rate of 1 A g -1 , and the SL-ACFs electrodes had an impedance and specific capacitance of 4.5 Ω and 55.6 F g -1 , respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) from two types of electrospun lignin fibers

et al. 2015

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“…No presente trabalho foi utilizado o método de Kissinger para o cálculo da energia de ativação das amostras de pellets A, B e C, conforme mostra a equação 1 [11,12,13]. (1) Onde, Ea é a energia de ativação referente ao evento térmico analisado, ф é a razão de aquecimento utilizada, T p é a temperatura de pico do evento térmico e R é a constante dos gases (8,31447 J mol -1 K -1 ).…”

Section: Caracterizaçãounclassified

Avaliação de blendas de PAN/polímeros biodegradáveis por calorimetria

et al. 2012

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Blendas de copolímero de poliacrilonitrila (PAN) com polímeros biodegradáveis foram obtidas pelo método convencional da indústria plástica de processamento via extrusão. O processo de produção destes materiais em extrusora convencional era um método que até pouco tempo atrás era inviável de se produzir, devido ao fato do polímero de PAN iniciar um processo de degradação antes de fundir. Porém, foi desenvolvido um processo que consiste na utilização de até 28% em massa de glicerol como plastificante da PAN. O presente trabalho aborda um estudo do comportamento térmico, por meio da técnica de DSC, de um copolímero de PAN na proporção em massa de 94% acrilonitrila (AN) e 6% acetato de vinila (VA) e também deste mesmo copolímero misturado com até 7% em massa dos polímeros biodegradáveis PCL e PHB-HV. Além disso, foi realizado um estudo cinético, por meio do modelo de Kissinger, do evento térmico relacionado à degradação do copolímero de PAN e de suas blendas. O copolímero de PAN-co-VA(6%) apresentou uma energia de ativação de 78 kJ/mol e as blendas com PCL e PHB-HV apresentaram energia de ativação de 79 kJ/mol e 92 kJ/mol, respectivamente.

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“…The oxidative stabilization produces a stable ladder structure for the transformation of thermoplastic polymers into stable and infusible intermediate to sustain high temperature carbonization treatment for carbon fiber production [5]. The DSC thermograms in air atmosphere are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Conversion Wtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, PAN copolymers are predominantly used as precursors by the incorporation of suitable comonomers such as itaconic acid (IA), acrylic acid (AA), mathacrylic acid (MAA), and methyl acrylate (MA) to assist in the spinning and stabilization processes for better precursors and resulting carbon fibers. Such comonomers have stimulated significant interests in the effects of comonomers on spinning and stabilization processes of precursor fibers, which have been reported by a number of the previous studies [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization and Thermal Characteristics of Acrylonitrile/Dicyclohexylammonium 2-Cyanoacrylate Copolymers for Carbon Fiber Precursors

Kim¹,

Park²,

Chung³

et al. 2011

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This study experimentally investigated dicyclohexylammonium 2-cyanoacrylate (CA) as a potential comonomer for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber precursors. The P(AN-CA) copolymers with different CA contents (0.19-0.78 mol% in the feed) were polymerized using solution polymerization with 2,2-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as an initiator. The chemical structure and composition of P(AN-CA) copolymers were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis, and the copolymer composition was similar to the feeding ratio of the monomers. The effects of CA comonomer on the thermal properties of its copolymers were characterized differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in nitrogen and air atmospheres. The DSC curves of P(AN-CA) under nitrogen atmosphere indicated that the initiation temperature for cyclization of nitrile groups was reduced to around 235 o C. The heat release and the activation energy for cyclization reactions were decreased in comparison with those of PAN homopolymers. On the other hand, under air atmosphere, the P(AN-CA) with 0.78 mol% CA content showed that the initiation temperature of cyclization was significantly lowered to 160.1 o C. The activation energy value showed 116 kJ/mol, that was smaller than that of the copolymers with 0.82 mol% of itaconic acids. The thermal stability of P(AN-CA), evidenced by thermogravimetric analyses in air atmosphere, was found higher than PAN homopolymer and similar to P(AN-IA) copolymers. Therefore, this study successfully demonstrated the great potential of P(AN-CA) copolymers as carbon fiber precursors, taking advantages of the temperature-lowering effects of CA comonomers and higher thermal stability of the CA copolymers for the stabilizing processes.

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The influence of oxygen on the chemical reactions during stabilization of pan as carbon fiber precursor

Cited by 295 publications

References 29 publications

Preparation of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) from two types of electrospun lignin fibers

Preparation of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) from two types of electrospun lignin fibers

Avaliação de blendas de PAN/polímeros biodegradáveis por calorimetria

Polymerization and Thermal Characteristics of Acrylonitrile/Dicyclohexylammonium 2-Cyanoacrylate Copolymers for Carbon Fiber Precursors

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