The Influence of Oxide Scale on Heat Transfer during Reheating of Steel

Wikström, Patrik; Yang, Weihong; Blasiak, Włodzimierz

doi:10.1002/srin.200806197

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…[ 29 ] The OLSTC's oxide growth model adopts the 95:4:1% ratio. Due to the extremely high temperature in reheat furnaces, the rate of the oxide scale growth follows a parabolic regime [ 8 ] expressed by Equation (3)

\left(\text{M}\right)^{2} = k_{\text{p}} t \textrm{ } \textrm{ } \text{or} \textrm{ } \text{M} = \sqrt{k_{\text{p}} t} \textrm{ }

where M is mass of oxygen per unit area in kg m −2 , and k p is the parabolic rate constant in kg 2 m −4 s −1 . The parabolic rate constant is exponentially dependent on slab surface temperature, and it is given by Equation (4)

$$k_{\text{p}} = k_{\text{p} 0} .

…”

Section: Computational Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[29] The OLSTC's oxide growth model adopts the 95:4:1% ratio. Due to the extremely high temperature in reheat furnaces, the rate of the oxide scale growth follows a parabolic regime [8] expressed by Equation (3)…”

Section: Calculation Of Slab Oxide Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[41] For example, a Level-2 PCE expansion (PCE LVL 2), which means the second-order level of Gaussian quadrature of the 4D input space, requires 16 quadrature points, increasing to 81 points for a Level-3 PCE expansion (PCE LVL 3). Note to solve the integral given in Equation (8), in order to obtain the PCE surrogate, the underlying OLSTC simulator needs to be evaluated at all the generated quadrature points; thus, this is where the main computational effort occurs when applying the PCE framework.…”

Section: Surrogate Modeling: Pce Surrogate Construction and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonintrusive Uncertainty Quantification in the Simulation of Steel Reheating Using Polynomial Chaos Expansion

Legkovskis

Thomas

Auinger

2023

steel research int.

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Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is deemed critical in steel reheating simulations due to the significant input uncertainties arising when defining steel surface properties and atmospheric furnace conditions. In order to conduct UQ, the study utilizes polynomial chaos expansion, which has been found to significantly curtail the computational effort needed to obtain reliable convergent statistics for the model of interest. Results from a comprehensive UQ analysis of a walking‐beam reheat furnace simulated using Tata Steel's reheat furnace control model, online slab temperature calculation, are presented. Slab temperature evolution and oxide scale growth are chosen as the study's QoIs. The analysis reveals that at the earlier stages of reheating, the majority of the output variance in slab temperature can be traced back exclusively to the emissivity of the slab surface, and the majority of the output variance in oxide scale growth is traced back to the combination of slab's surface emissivity and the initial scale thickness found on steel products prior to reheating. However, as the steel product advances toward the furnace's discharge end, inputs related to oxide scale growth become increasingly important, ultimately becoming the most influential input parameters, although the dynamics of this transition differ between the QoIs.

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\left(\text{M}\right)^{2} = k_{\text{p}} t \textrm{ } \textrm{ } \text{or} \textrm{ } \text{M} = \sqrt{k_{\text{p}} t} \textrm{ }

$$k_{\text{p}} = k_{\text{p} 0} .

…”

Section: Computational Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[29] The OLSTC's oxide growth model adopts the 95:4:1% ratio. Due to the extremely high temperature in reheat furnaces, the rate of the oxide scale growth follows a parabolic regime [8] expressed by Equation (3)…”

Section: Calculation Of Slab Oxide Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surrogate Modeling: Pce Surrogate Construction and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nonintrusive Uncertainty Quantification in the Simulation of Steel Reheating Using Polynomial Chaos Expansion

Legkovskis

Thomas

Auinger

2023

steel research int.

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show abstract

“…These models are preferred for the simulation of fluid flow (also considering the flame) and complex heat transfer calculations with improved radiation models. Wikström et al used 3 CFD‐model together with an oxide scale model to predict the influence of the scale on heat transfer during reheating of steel in an industrial furnace. The use of these models for the process control is not constructive.…”

Section: Heat and Mass Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Furnaces for Steel Processing – 90 Years of Continuous Improvement

Pfeifer¹

2018

steel research int.

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Industrial furnaces are important facilities for the production of high quality metallic materials including melting, reheating, and heat treatment. The topics of the last 90 years are summarized for heat and mass transfer and furnaces for the reheating of cast steel (ingots, billets, blooms, and slabs) and for the recrystallization annealing of cold rolled strips. The fundamental task over decades is the calculation and simulation of the exact temperature field in metallic materials by analytical and at least numerical methods. Energy efficiency, use of different fuels, continuous improvement of quality, and productivity are also topics over the last nine decades. Actually, the improvement of the cooling sections of continuous annealing lines concerning higher cooling rate, flatness, and strip stability is a field of research and development. Heat and Mass TransferOne of the fundamental tasks of industrial furnace technology is the estimation of the generally transient temperature field Figure 1 8. Test stands for heat transfer of complex nozzle systems and fluid strip interaction with exemplary results at RWTH Aachen University.www.advancedsciencenews.com www.steel-research.de steel research int. 2018, 89, 1800306

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“…However, it's worth noting that the formed metal oxide during the high-temperature oxidation is generally a multilayer structure with film growth, thus the modeling of the oxide film requires special treatment. Wikström et al [15] developed a mathematical model for the impact analysis of oxide film on heat transfer of low carbon steel in a reheating furnace, in which the simplified linear and parabolic oxidation formulas were used to consider the film growth based on the isothermal experiment and CFD simulation. Wendelstorf et al [5] experimentally studied the effects of the oxide film and its removal on heat transfer of the spray cooling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of non-isothermal oxidation on transient conjugate heat transfer of the cryo-supersonic air-quenching

et al. 2022

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In this paper, the effects of non-isothermal oxidation on transient conjugate heat transfer of the cryo-supersonic air-quenching are investigated based on a double-layered oxidation kinetics model, while a unified conjugate heat transfer formula is developed to synthetically consider the near-wall turbulence, non-isothermal oxidation, and surface radiation. The comparison between numerical and experimental results are also presented to check the validity of the developed model. The results indicate that the film growth has some degree of inhibition to the conjugate heat transfer, in particular, the stagnation temperature increases linearly by about 5 K per 100 ?m increase in film thickness, and the effective conjugate heat transfer coefficient in the stagnation region decreases linearly by about 55 Wm-2K-1 per 100 ?m increase in film thickness. Moreover, the oxide film would have little impact on transient conjugate heat transfer when the near-wall velocity is higher due to the effect of viscous dissipation.

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The Influence of Oxide Scale on Heat Transfer during Reheating of Steel

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Nonintrusive Uncertainty Quantification in the Simulation of Steel Reheating Using Polynomial Chaos Expansion

Nonintrusive Uncertainty Quantification in the Simulation of Steel Reheating Using Polynomial Chaos Expansion

Industrial Furnaces for Steel Processing – 90 Years of Continuous Improvement

Effects of non-isothermal oxidation on transient conjugate heat transfer of the cryo-supersonic air-quenching

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