The Influence of Organizations and Institutions on Wetland Policy Stability: The <i><scp>R</scp>apanos</i> Case

Arnold, Gwen; Fleischman, Forrest

doi:10.1111/psj.12020

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…She also found that rules developed by the people within a given village, community, or organization often had very different impacts from rules imposed from the outside. Arnold and Fleischman (2013) draw on the distinctions between formal and informal rules and internal and external direction, as well as a synthesis of policy implementation literature, to develop a four-cell typology (see Fig. 1), which they find particularly useful for explaining how government agencies implement policies.…”

Section: Theory and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These welldeveloped literatures are synergistic: Theories developed from four decades of policy implementation studies in Western democracies provide a plethora of ideas about what might be important, but this literature lacks structure (Matland 1995;Meier 1999) and has rarely been applied to the problems of developing countries. The IAD framework provides a coherent framework for thinking about how human decision-making across multiple levels affects social and ecological outcomes and is thus an ideal complement to the policy implementation literature (O'Toole 2000;Arnold and Fleischman 2013). While it has been widely applied to conservation and development policy (e.g., see Ostrom 1992;Ostrom et al 1993;Gibson et al 2005;Rastogi et al 2014), it has rarely been systematically applied to studying government agencies' role in tropical conservation.…”

Section: Theory and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Foremost among these are poorly designed policies: The nature of political compromise in legislatures often leads to contradictory or inherently impractical policy designs (Moe 1990). These are examples of what Arnold and Fleischman (2013) call ''imposed'' institutions. There is now a vast literature pointing to flaws in the overall policy setup of forest management in India.…”

Section: Formal External Direction: Imposed Institution and Intergovementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Much of this literature focuses on what Arnold and Fleischman (2013) call tacit institutions: rules developed informally inside of a government agency as the agency works to carry out its mission. Arnold and Fleischman found that these tacit institutions play a crucial role in determining how policies are carried out in US environmental policy, and the evidence from India indicates a similarly important role for tacit institutions.…”

Section: Internally Directed Informal Institutions: Tacit Institutiomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Understanding India’s forest bureaucracy: a review

Fleischman

2015

Reg Environ Change

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Forest administrators play a crucial role in translating conservation and development policies into action, yet policy reformers and scholars rarely examine how these administrators make decisions about the implementation of conservation and development policy in India. In this paper, I address this gap. I begin by developing a framework that draws on Western policy implementation studies and Ostrom's Institutional Analysis and Development framework and then apply this framework to a review of published studies that examine the role of forest officials in implementing public policies in India. The framework differentiates between formal and informal institutions and between institutions which are developed within an agency and those that are directed from outside the agency. I find that forester behavior varies significantly across space and time and has an important influence on the outcome of forestry programs. Innovations and excellent program implementation appear related to foresters' desire to demonstrate professional efficacy. On the other hand, many failings can be traced either to external direction or to foresters developing internal institutions that are poorly suited to the problems they are tasked with solving. Existing research is limited in its geographic and temporal scope and leaves many questions unanswered, and thus, the review concludes with a brief outline of future research needs.

show abstract

Section: Theory and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theory and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formal External Direction: Imposed Institution and Intergovementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Internally Directed Informal Institutions: Tacit Institutiomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Understanding India’s forest bureaucracy: a review

Fleischman

2015

Reg Environ Change

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Codification of PEK is often shaped by legal or regulatory considerations that specify prescribed actions regardless of their scientific legitimacy or fit to local natural resources conditions. For example, Arnold and Fleischman (2013) described how court decisions in the U.S. forced wetlands regulators to use a regulatory standard that is ecologically meaningless.…”

Section: Professional Ecological Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Professional ecological knowledge: an unrecognized knowledge domain within natural resource management

Fleischman¹,

Briske²

2016

E&S

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Successful natural resource management is dependent on effective knowledge exchange and utilization. Local/traditional/ indigenous knowledge derived from place-based experience and scientific knowledge generated by systematic inquiry are the most commonly recognized knowledge domains. However, we propose that many natural resource decisions are not based on local or scientific knowledge, but rather on a little recognized domain that we term professional ecological knowledge (PEK). Professional ecological knowledge is founded upon codification of broad ecological principles, but not necessarily scientific evidence, to legitimize agency programs, support operational efficiency, and encourage user compliance. However, in spite of these benefits, PEK may reduce program effectiveness by inhibiting the exchange of local and scientific knowledge and minimizing the development of evidence-based conservation. We describe what we consider to be common facets of PEK through case studies examining the sources of knowledge utilized by forestry agencies in India and by rangeland conservation programs of the USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service. Three propositions are presented regarding the origins and continued existence of PEK: (1) minimal information feedbacks regarding the efficacy of agency programs contributes to development of PEK; (2) a narrow scientific agenda and a perception that most scientific knowledge is not relevant to management decisions encourages a divide between scientists and managers; and (3) political interests often benefit from existing applications of PEK. By calling attention to the existence of PEK as a distinctive knowledge domain, we aim to encourage more explicit and critical consideration of the origins of knowledge used in environmental decision making. Explicit recognition of PEK may provide greater understanding of the dynamics of knowledge exchange and decision making in natural resource management.

show abstract

Revisiting institutional stability: A systematic review and distillations of dominant modes

Galik

Chelbi

2021

Env Pol Gov

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concept of institutional stability has been explored from multiple disciplinary lenses and is associated with a variety of theories and frameworks, masking important variation in the mechanisms and modes of institutional stability, and complicating our understanding of how and why institutions are maintained over time. This is particularly salient to questions of environmental governance, where the recent pace and magnitude of both political and environmental change necessitates more careful attention to the capacity of existing institutions to persist or adapt. Here, we conduct a systematic review to examine the treatment of institutional stability in the literature to determine whether dominant or consistent conceptualizations of institutional stability are present. Beginning with a list of 21 synonyms for stability as used in the literature, we assembled a raw dataset of 23,379 manuscripts in print or published between 1976 and August 2019. Papers were then screened to ensure a theoretical or empirical analysis of institutional stability, resulting in a final dataset of 165 unique manuscripts. From our review, we propose two separate axes-directionality and intentionality-upon which four separate modes of stability may be arrayed. Termed passive stability, active stability, intended inaction, and failed action, we find that each is characterized by distinct mechanisms and captures specific concepts detailed in the extant literature. Though we believe our typology to have the potential to provide for a more precise analysis of institutional stability and associated policy and resource outcomes, further research is necessary to demonstrate its applicability.

show abstract

The Influence of Organizations and Institutions on Wetland Policy Stability: The Rapanos Case

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Understanding India’s forest bureaucracy: a review

Understanding India’s forest bureaucracy: a review

Professional ecological knowledge: an unrecognized knowledge domain within natural resource management

Revisiting institutional stability: A systematic review and distillations of dominant modes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About