“…Worldwide, abundant and various methods for fluoride removal from water are applied. The key methods for fluoride removal from drinking water include: coagulation and precipitation methods [23], electro-coagulation [24], reverse osmosis and nanofiltration [7,25], dialysis and electro-dialysis [26], freeze concentration [27], ion-exchange method [28] and adsorption technique [7,23]. A wide variety of adsorbents are usable for fluoride removal, including alumina and aluminum based adsorbents (alumina plus manganese dioxide, alumina plus manganese oxide, alumina plus calcium minerals, bauxite, red mud, lateritic ores, lanthanum and cerium modified mesoporous alumina, fungus hyphaesupported alumina [7,[29][30][31][32][33], clays and soils (clay, fired clays, coated clays, related low-cost materials, soils) [7,34], calcium, carbon (graphite, alumina-impregnated graphitic carbon, carbon nanotubes, alumina-impregnated carbon nanotubes, nano-magnetically modified activated carbon prepared by oak shell) [1,7], zeolites [35], synthetic resins, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) [7], hybrid adsorbent lanthanum-carbon [36], lanthanum-loaded magnetic cationic hydrogel composite [4] and 3D rice-like lanthanum-doped La@MgAl nanocomposites [37].…”