The Influence of Organic and Biological Fertilizers on Growth Processes, Productivity and Quality of Melon Fruits in the South-East of Kazakhstan

Abstract

Melon cultivation is an important feature of agriculture in Kazakhstan. According to Kazakh Academy of Nutrition, the rate of melon field consumption per 1 inhabitant per year is 26 kg.In 2019, the cucurbits in the country were cultivated on an area of 102.1 thousand hectares, the gross harvest amounted to 2382.1 thousand tons, i.e. 132.3 kg per inhabitant per year. These data show the high export potential of the melon industry in Kazakhstan.As we know, 95-97% of melons are consumed fresh. In this aspect, there is a need to produce natural, high-quality melons of particular relevance. The organic melon products can be grown in the climate of maximum biologization of agricultural technologies.In Kazakhstan, the production of organic melon products is at the beginning of development. The most open and regulated elements of biological melon cultivation in the production environment include the use of organic fertilizers and biological products instead of chemical ones. The data received in the process of scientific research showed that the use of organic and biological fertilizers helped to raise fresh plants and process acceleration of fruit ripening by an average of 3-5 days. The productivity of melon grew to 37.32% with biologized fertilizer systems. So, the quality of melon fruits has increased for the non-fertilized control. Рroviding the low cost and high payback of organic fertilizers, the positive influence on the productivity and ecological purity of the cultivated products, we can do a conclusion about the potential transition of the melon industry of the country from traditional ways of cultivation to alternative ones.