The Influence of Operator-Controlled Variables on Spray Drift from Field Crop Sprayers

Nuyttens, David; Schampheleire, Mieke De; Baetens, Katrijn; Sonck, Bart

doi:10.13031/2013.23622

Cited by 134 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…Highly efficacious and efficient spray application could simultaneously increase the benefits of plant protection products (PPP), reduce the risk of environmental contamination, and produce higher quality food in a more sustainable agriculture. Spray drift continues to be a major challenge when applying agrochemicals because pesticides deposited in undesirable areas may pose risks to both the environment and bystander [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground Deposition and Airborne Spray Drift Assessment in Vineyard and Orchard: The Influence of Environmental Variables and Sprayer Settings

et al. 2017

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Spray drift assessment encompasses classification of the capacity of each sprayer/ technology/setting combination to reduce or avoid the spray drift risk, as well as drift measurement to define buffer zones mandated during pesticide application. Compounding the challenge of these tasks is the great variability of field evaluation results from environmental conditions, spray application technology, canopy structure, and measurement procedures. This study, performed in Spanish context, evaluates the effects of different parameters on comparative measurements of ground and airborne spray drift employing the ISO22866:2005 protocol. Four configurations of air blast sprayers, derived from two fan airflow rates and two nozzle types (conventional and air-induction), were tested in orchard and vineyard at late growth stage. Spray drift curves were obtained, from which corresponding Drift Values (DVs) were calculated using an approximation of definite integral. Both sprayer settings and environmental variables statistically affect spray drift total amounts and result variability. PCA analysis showed that nozzle type and wind speed characteristics explained 51% and 24% of the variance, respectively. In particular, mean wind direction influence ground sediments (Pr < 0.01) and maximum wind speed strongly influence airborne drift value (Pr < 0.0001). The wind characteristics concealed the influence of adopted fan airflow rates on final spray drift assessment results. The effect of uncontrollable environmental conditions makes objective and comparative tests difficult.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground Deposition and Airborne Spray Drift Assessment in Vineyard and Orchard: The Influence of Environmental Variables and Sprayer Settings

et al. 2017

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“…Spray drift remains a major problem in applying agrochemicals because the pesticides may get deposited in non-target areas outside of the treated field and pose risks to the environment and bystanders (Nuyttens et al, 2007). One of the goals of the 128/2009/CE European Directive for Sustainable Use of Pesticides (EC, 2009) is spray drift reduction and improved efficiency of pesticide application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, many studies have focused on spray drift measurements and the classification of the spray drift of field crop sprayers (Hewitt et al, 2001;Landers & Gil, 2006;Nuyttens et al, 2007;Baetens et al, 2009;Landers, 2010;Sehsah & Herbst, 2010). Researchers have proposed easy, repeatable, and precise methods as alternatives for spray drift measurement (Southcombe et al, 1997;Zande et al, 2002;Balsari et al, 2007;Nuyttens et al, 2009) based on spray drift potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

Grella

Gil

Balsari

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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Drift is one of the most important issues to consider for realising sustainable pesticide sprays. This study proposes and tests an alternative methodology for quantifying the drift potential (DP) of air blast sprayers, trying to avoid the difficulties faced in conducting field trials according to the standard protocol (ISO 22866:2005). For this purpose, an ad hoc test bench designed for DP comparative measurements was used. The proposed methodology was evaluated in terms of robustness, repetitiveness and coherence by arranging a series of trials at two laboratories. Representative orchard and vineyard air blast sprayers in eight configurations (combination of two forward speeds, two air fan flow rates, and two nozzle types) were tested. The test bench was placed perpendicular to the spray track to collect the fraction of spray liquid remaining in the air after the spray process and potentially susceptible to drift out of the treated area. Downwind spray deposition curves were obtained and a new approach was proposed to calculate an index value of the DP estimation that could allow the differences among the tested configurations to be described. Results indicated that forward speed of 1.67 m/s allows better discrimination among configurations tested. Highest DP reduction, over 87.5%, was achieved using the TVI nozzles in combination with low air fan flow rate in both laboratories; conversely, the highest DP value was obtained with the ATR nozzles in combination with high air fan flow rate. Although the proposed method shows a promising potential to evaluate drift potential of different sprayer types and nozzles types used for bush and tree crops further research and tests are necessary to improve and validate this method.Additional key words: spray drift test bench; sprayer settings; nozzles; fan air flow rate; vineyard and orchard sprayers.

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“…Drift can cause crop protection chemicals to be deposited in undesirable areas with serious consequences (Ozkan et al, 1993;De Snoo & De Wit, 1998). According to Nuyttens et al (2007) most of the negative consequences can cause: (a) damage to sensitive adjoining crops and other susceptible off-target areas; (b) environmental contamination such as water contamination and illegal pesticide residues; (c) health risks to animals and people and (d) lower dose than intended on the target field, which can reduce the effectiveness of the pesticide, wasting both pesticide and money.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of two portable patternators to improve drift control and operator training in the operation of vineyard sprayers

Gil

Landers

Gallart

et al. 2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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Spray drift can be defined as the quantity of plant protection product that is carried out of the sprayed area by the action of air currents during the application process. Efficacy of pesticide applications in orchards and vineyards is highly dependent on matching the canopy characteristics with the liquid distribution on a vertical plane, this being influenced by the type of sprayer, the nozzle orientation and air outlet adjustment. Two simple vertical patternators were designed and developed with the express purpose to be used in field conditions for the adjustment of vineyard canopy sprayers. Three different orchard sprayers were selected for comparative field trials of two new patternators with an already commercially available portable vertical patternator designed at University of Turin (Italy). The objective was to evaluate their efficiency in terms of spray recovery, symmetry and repeatability. Results show the ability of the two prototypes to measure the vertical distribution of liquid, as well as the important similarities between the liquid distribution profiles obtained with both patternators in comparison to the reference one. Trials conducted with the three different orchard sprayers show the suitability of this kind of tool, not only for research purposes but also for training activities and as part of the sprayer calibration process. Important benefits from both an economic and a sustainable point of view can be obtained regarding adequate liquid distribution according to the crop characteristics, this being especially interesting in field conditions.

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The Influence of Operator-Controlled Variables on Spray Drift from Field Crop Sprayers

Cited by 134 publications

References 0 publications

Ground Deposition and Airborne Spray Drift Assessment in Vineyard and Orchard: The Influence of Environmental Variables and Sprayer Settings

Ground Deposition and Airborne Spray Drift Assessment in Vineyard and Orchard: The Influence of Environmental Variables and Sprayer Settings

Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

Development of two portable patternators to improve drift control and operator training in the operation of vineyard sprayers

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