The influence of oculomotor tasks on postural control in dyslexic children

Bucci, Maria Pia; Mélithe, Damien; Ajrezo, Layla; Bui-Quoc, Emmanuel; Gérard, Christophe

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00981

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Likewise, Bucci et al 25 found an insufficient amplitude of divergence at near in children with dyslexia. 25 A similar finding was also reported by Bucci et al, 29 who showed an insufficient level of divergence and convergence at near distance combined with worse postural control in patients with dyslexia.…”

Section: Dyslexia Studiessupporting

confidence: 80%

Diagnosis of oculomotor anomalies in children with learning disorders

Bilbao

Piñero

2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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This systematic review presents the existing scientific evidence for oculomotor anomalies in children with three different types of learning disorders – namely, dyslexia, dyspraxia and attention deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number: 139317). The QUADAS‐2 tool was used to systematically evaluate the quality of the diagnostic tests used in the evaluated studies and to confirm whether the oculomotor alterations observed in the different groups of children with various learning disorders had a consistent diagnostic basis. Using this tool, the design of the articles was well elaborated, although concerns exist regarding the selection of patients and the diagnostic criteria for the binocular conditions. All the studies reviewed conclude that a pattern of oculomotor anomalies exist in the groups of children with these three types of learning disorders compared to healthy children. However, there is a concern regarding the diagnostic methodology, as no clear range of normality for the parameters used to characterise ocular motility was identified and no gold standard or reference test has been defined. In future studies, this range of normality must be developed for different oculomotor skills, and a reference test (possibly video‐oculography) for the measurement of these skills must be established.

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Section: Dyslexia Studiessupporting

confidence: 80%

Diagnosis of oculomotor anomalies in children with learning disorders

Bilbao

Piñero

2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…These authors advanced the hypothesis that the deficit in attentional process might be linked with the parietal cortical areas in the dyslexic population. Recently, our group explored the quality of fixation during a dual postural/oculomotor task in both healthy (Ajrezo et al, 2013 ) and dyslexic children (Bucci et al, 2014 ). Ajrezo et al ( 2013 ) reported that the quality of fixation during a dual task improved with the increasing age of the children; the number of saccades during fixation was significantly reduced in adolescents, suggesting that the fixation performance in children is underdeveloped, due to the lack of maturation of their cortical areas (Luna and Sweeney, 2001 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immaturity of Visual Fixations in Dyslexic Children

Tiadi

Gérard

Peyre

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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To our knowledge, behavioral studies recording visual fixations abilities in dyslexic children are scarce. The object of this article is to explore further the visual fixation ability in dyslexics compared to chronological age-matched and reading age-matched non-dyslexic children. Fifty-five dyslexic children from 7 to 14 years old, 55 chronological age-matched non-dyslexic children and 55 reading age-matched non-dyslexic children participated to this study. Eye movements from both eyes were recorded horizontally and vertically by a video-oculography system (EyeBrain® T2). The fixation task consisted in fixating a white-filled circle appearing in the center of the screen for 30 s. Results showed that dyslexic children produced a significantly higher number of unwanted saccades than both groups of non-dyslexic children. Moreover, the number of unwanted saccades significantly decreased with age in both groups of non-dyslexic children, but not in dyslexics. Furthermore, dyslexics made more saccades during the last 15 s of fixation period with respect to both groups of non-dyslexic children. Such poor visual fixation capability in dyslexic children could be due to impaired attention abilities, as well as to an immaturity of the cortical areas controlling the fixation system.

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“… 17 , 18 Disturbances concern both spatial and temporal constants. 67 The ability to focus attention, impaired in the dyslexic, could participate in this imbalance. 29 , 68 It is however, less apparent in older dyslexics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distinctive vertical heterophoria of dyslexics

Quercia¹,

Quercia²,

Feiss³

et al. 2015

OPTH

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In this study, we looked for the presence of vertical heterophoria (VH) in 42 dyslexic children (22 males and 20 females) aged 118.5±12.9 months who were compared with a control group of 22 nondyslexic children (eleven males and eleven females) aged 112±9.8 months. Dyslexics presented a low-level (always <1 prism diopter) VH combined with torsion. This oculomotor feature clearly separates the dyslexic group from the normal readers group. It is independent of the type of dyslexia. The essential feature of this VH is a lability that appears during specific stimulation of sensory receptors involved in postural regulation. This lability is demonstrated using a vertical Maddox test conducted under very specific conditions in which postural sensors are successively stimulated in a predetermined order. A quantitative variation in this VH may be seen during the Bielchowsky Head Tilt Test, which reveals hypertonia of the lower or upper oblique muscles. Vertical orthophoria can be achieved by placing low-power prisms asymmetrically within the direction of action of the superior or inferior oblique muscles. The selection of power and axis is not only guided by elements of the eye examination but also from observation of postural muscle tone. All these elements suggest that the VH could be of postural origin and somehow related to the vertical action of the oblique muscles. VH and torsion are not harmful per se. There is no statistical relationship between their level and the various parameters used to assess the reading skills of dyslexic children. VH and torsion could be a clinical marker of global proprioceptive dysfunction responsible for high-level multisensory disturbances secondary to poor spatial localization of visual and auditory information. This dysfunction might also explain the motor disorders concomitant to dyslexia.

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The influence of oculomotor tasks on postural control in dyslexic children

Cited by 27 publications

References 60 publications

Diagnosis of oculomotor anomalies in children with learning disorders

Diagnosis of oculomotor anomalies in children with learning disorders

Immaturity of Visual Fixations in Dyslexic Children

The distinctive vertical heterophoria of dyslexics

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