The Influence of Nutrition in Alzheimer's Disease: Neuroinflammation and the Microbiome vs. Transmissible Prion

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. Many risk factors for the development of AD have been investigated, including nutrition. Although it has been proven that nutrition plays a role in AD, the precise mechanisms through which nutrition exerts its influence remain undefined. The object of this study is to address this issue by elucidating some of the mechanisms through which nutrition interacts with AD. This work is a qualitative systematic bibliographic review of the current literature searchable on various available databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Our evidence comprises 31 articles selected after a systematic search process. Patients suffering with AD present a characteristic microbiome that promotes changes in microglia generating a proinflammatory state. Many similarities exist between AD and prion diseases, both in terms of symptoms and in the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiome due to dietary habits could be one of the environmental factors affecting the development of AD; however, this is probably not the only factor. Similarly, the mechanism for self-propagation of beta-amyloid seen in AD is similar to that seen in prions.

Exploring the Influence of Gut–Brain Axis Modulation on Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics

“…The development of Alzheimer’s disease [ 69 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 ] and the mechanisms through which the microbiome can contribute to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease have been investigated [ 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 ]. Numerous studies are also available regarding treatments with probiotics […”

Effect of nutrition in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review

“…This is because of the metabolites produced by the microbiota, which can modulate the biochemical state of the brain. This connection is called the “gut-brain axis.” In addition, high-fat diets, the use of antibiotics, or the lack of probiotics and/or prebiotics can also change the composition of the microbiota and therefore be a risk factor for AD ( Bello-Corral et al, 2021 ; Khedr et al, 2022 ; Szablewski, 2022 ). However, in this study, we found that AD was correlated with high levels of inflammation and oxidation ( Goncalves Tosatti et al, 2022 ; Gu et al, 2022 ), which should be considered in future research and clinical treatments.…”

Obesidade como fator de risco para Doença de Alzheimer

“…Sabe-se que por volta dos 50 anos (ŚLIWIŃSKA; JEZIOREK, 2021), é quando ocorre alterações neuropatológicas afetando o estado nutricional, o número de sinapses, a cognição do indivíduo e o sistema nervoso tenta compensar essas alterações, atuando de maneira preventiva aumenta as chances do paciente se manter saudável por um longo período de tempo (MERLO et al, 2019). Estudos demonstram que os hábitos alimentares, que levam ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas, aumentam significativamente o risco de demência (BELLO-CORRAL et al, 2021;CENA, CALDER, 2020;MORRIS, 2016).…”