The Influence of Nontraditional Training Modalities on Physical Performance: Review of the Literature

Abstract

The primary purpose of this effort was to review several forms of nontraditional (NT) training programs, including heavy lower extremity strength training, CrossFit training, kettlebell training, and agility training, and discuss the effects of these exercise regimens on physical performance. The secondary purpose was to evaluate NT fitness training programs for evidence that they may provide beneficial options to help airmen improve their fitness scores. A search of the literature for 1980-2010 was performed using the Franzello Aeromedical Library, Public Medicine, and Air Force Institute of Technology search engines. There were 50 articles located and the authors selected 29 articles that specifically addressed the primary and secondary purposes of this literature review. This review indicates that an NT training approach is warranted in the general Air Force population. Heavy leg strength training and agility training show promise in enhancing aerobic fitness and improving fitness scores, particularly among members who have difficulty passing a physical fitness test. Most of the nontraditional forms of physical training are not supported in the scientific literature, with the exception of heavy leg strength training and agility training. However, even these NT forms of training require further investigation.

The Effect of Kettlebell Swing Load and Cadence on Physiological, Perceptual and Mechanical Variables

“…Unlike dumbbells, kettlebell training tends to comprise ballistic and swing movements where the centre of mass of the kettlebell is extended beyond the hand. Kettlebell training has also been recommended to condition occupation groups including the armed services [2] as well as being an efficacious rehabilitation tool [3,4]. While the use of the kettlebell dates back to circa 1700 s [1], scientific analysis of kettlebell training and individual movements with a kettlebell has only recently gathered momentum.…”

Demographics, Activity Level, and Shoulder Health History of Populations Participating in CrossFit: A Descriptive Analysis

“…In 2012, O'Hara and colleagues stated that CrossFit may assist airmen in the Air Force to meet fitness standards and prepare for the diverse environment and physical demands of rapid deployments [7]. Additionally, in 2013, Smith and colleagues reported significant improvements in body fat percentage maximal aerobic capacity (VO2Max) and body composition after 10 weeks of CrossFit training (P<0.05), however a control group was not included in this study design [8].…”

Strength and Conditioning Strategies for Females in the Military

“…Although heavy resistance training, agility training, and high-intensity training positively influence injury reduction, body composition, and fitness when prescribed appropriately (18,24,28,38), female soldiers may respond differently to such training (18,39). This may require longer recovery periods between bouts of intense exercise, modified PT workouts, or both to prevent overtraining and injury.…”