The influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gut microbiome

Abstract

The composition of the gut microbiome with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has not been fully characterized. Drug use within the past 30 days was ascertained in 155 adults and stool specimens were submitted for analysis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated in logit models to distinguish relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by medication class. The type of medication had a greater influence on the gut microbiome than the number of medications. NSAIDs were particularly associated with distinct microbial populations. Four OTUs (Prevotella spp., Bacteroides spp, family Ruminococaceae, Barnesiella spp.) discriminated aspirin users from no medication (AUC=0.96; 95% CI 0.84, 1.00). The microbiome profile of celecoxib users was similar to ibuprofen users, with both showing an enrichment of Acidaminococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Bacteria from families Propionibacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Puniceicoccaceae, and Rikenellaceae were more abundant in individuals who were taking ibuprofen than in controls or in individuals who were taking naproxen. Bacteroides spp. and Erysipelotrichaceae spp. discriminated use of NSAIDs with proton pump inhibitors versus NSAIDs alone (AUC=0.96; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.00). Bacteroides spp. and a bacterium of family Ruminococcaceae discriminated individuals who were taking NSAIDs in combination with antidepressants and laxatives versus individuals who were taking NSAIDs alone (AUC=0.98; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.00). In conclusion, bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract reflect the combinations of medications that people ingest. The bacterial composition of the gut varied with the type of NSAID ingested.

The Effect of Probiotics, Antibiotics, and Antipyretic Analgesics on Gut Microbiota Modification

“…Both are well known to modify the gut microbiota of not only human beings but also agricultural animals (5). On the other hand, despite AAs, particularly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are the most widely used medication, the gastrointestinal effect of antipyretic analgesics remains surprisingly still underexplored (6).…”

Celecoxib does not alter intestinal microbiome in a longitudinal diet-controlled study

“…Rogers and Aronoff in their recent article, “The influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gut microbiome” (1), described a study reporting the effects of several different classes of medications on the fecal microbiome. Specifically, they found that NSAIDs reproducibly alter intestinal bacterial composition, depending on which NSAID was used.…”

Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract Microbes and Microbial Neurotoxins in the Human Central Nervous System (CNS) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

“…These neurotoxic glycolipids are shed into the extracellular space, play key pathological roles in hostpathogen interactions, pro-inflammatory signaling and the activation of the innate-immune system of the host [23,[44][45][46]. As an abundant obligate anaerobe resident of the distal human GI tract microbiome BF-LPS is unusually immunogenic and highly pro-inflammatory toward human neurons in primary culture [8,15,24,37,[47][48][49][50]. It has been very recently shown (i) that both LPS and BF-LPS are abundant in anatomical regions of the human brain's limbic system in AD, including the hippocampus and neocortex that exhibit focused neuropathology and an intense inflammatory response as is characteristic of the AD process [6,28,29]; and (ii) that BF-LPS is an extremely potent inducer of pro-inflammatory gene signaling pathways, as quantified by the evolution of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB p50/p65 complex HNG cells in primary co-culture [51].…”