The Influence of New Bioactive Materials on Pulp–Dentin Complex Regeneration in the Assessment of Cone Bone Computed Tomography (CBCT) and Computed Micro-Tomography (Micro-CT) from a Present and Future Perspective—A Systematic Review

Abstract

The present paper is the first article providing a systematic literature review on the visualization of tertiary dentin influenced by modern bioactive materials in CBCT and micro-CT. Six database searches of studies on tertiary dentin visualization using CBCT produced 622 records in total, and the search of the studies on tertiary dentin using micro-CT produced 502 records in total. The results were thoroughly selected considering the inclusion criteria, and five research papers using CBCT and nine research papers using micro-CT for visualization of tertiary dentin were eventually qualified for the analysis. All the non-randomized and randomized studies presented good and high levels of quality evidence, respectively. Among the bioactive materials used, the most frequently analysed were: MTA, Biodentine dentin matrix hydrogel, Pro Root MTA, and EndoSequence root repair material. The highest thickness of the tertiary dentin was achieved after the use of MTA material in both imaging techniques. The remaining parameters had different results, taking into account the CBCT and micro-CT analysis. The possibilities of the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the particular parameters of tertiary dentin using CBCT and micro-CT techniques were presented and analysed. CBCT and micro-CT analyses can be useful in the assessment of tertiary dentin formed beneath the bioactive material applied during vital pulp treatment. The research argues that the presented results differ depending on the material applied to the pulp, the study duration (4–6 weeks), difference in teeth, species (rats, human), as well as the applied technique and differences in computer software used for the analysis.

Clinical Finding of Inert Collagen Sponge Saturated by Remineralizing Solution from Eggshell Powder versus Ca-OH in Indirect Pulp Capping Measured by Cone Beam Computed Tomography Radiograph

“…All CBCT measurement was performed by an expert radiologist who was blinded to study groups. The obtained data were tabulated in millimeter (mm) (2,14). using a Microsoft Word Excel sheet and relevant statistical tests were implemented.…”

“…voltage: 20.0 kV) (Figure 2, a). Obtained EDX elemental eggshell powder analysis revealed presence of calcium (51.55 wt %), aluminum (0.39 wt %), magnesium (0.60 wt %), oxygen (41.07 wt %), fluoride (0.00 wt %), and carbon (6.38 wt %) (Full scale counts: 15764, integral counts: 360812), (Figure 2, b) (13,14) .…”

Three-Dimensional Assessment of Radiographic Changes after Indirect Pulp Capping Using Silver Diamine Fluoride with or without Potassium Iodide in Young Permanent Teeth (12-Month RCT)

“…CBCT is an innovative 3D imaging modality that provides a non-invasive option to evaluate dental tissues without the superimposition of surrounding structures [Scarfe and Farman, 2008]. In addition, CBCT was found to be more valid and reliable in measuring remaining dentin thickness in deep carious lesions and tertiary dentin thickness than traditional periapical X-rays when compared to histologic assessments [Kamal et al, 2021;Palczewska-Komsa et al, 2022;Sarhan et al, 2022]. Other studies have also shown that CBCT is the imaging modality of choice to evaluate secondary dentin formation in vivo [Tardivo et al, 2011;Ge et al, 2015].…”

Multiscale Evaluation of Jaw Geometry Reproduction Obtained Via the Use of Selected Orthodontic Materials in Dental Implants and Orthodontics—In Vitro Case Study

“…Currently, implantoprosthetic orthodontics and other fields of dentistry are experiencing rapid progression [1][2][3][4][5]. These implants use dental models created based on a matrix of impressions [6] and are produced when it is necessary to use braces to correct malocclusion, insert implants, crowns, or bridges.…”