The influence of neonatal health on weaning weight of Colarado, USA beef calves

Wittum, Thomas E.; Salman, Mo; King, M.E.; Mortimer, Robert G.; Odde, K. G.; Morris, David L.

doi:10.1016/0167-5877(94)90011-6

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Average ADG was 0.242 kg/day, which is in line with the expected growth for that diet (3.1 Mcal at day 18 at an ambient temperature of 15 • C (NRC, 2001)). The well-known negative effects of BRD and NCD on ADG (Wittum et al, 1994;Rerat et al, 2012;Pardon et al, 2013) were not observed in the present study. Possibly intensive monitoring and early treatment alleviated inflammation or BRD was only of viral origin leading to mild inflammation.…”

Section: Days On Feedcontrasting

confidence: 81%

Prediction of respiratory disease and diarrhea in veal calves based on immunoglobulin levels and the serostatus for respiratory pathogens measured at arrival

Pardon

Alliet

Boone³

et al. 2015

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Failure of passive transfer is a common problem in calves destined for veal production. At present it is unknown whether the risk for respiratory disease (BRD) or neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) in the veal herd is associated with total immunoglobulin (Ig) and/or on the serostatus for respiratory pathogens measured at arrival. Therefore, the first objective of this prospective longitudinal cohort study was to determine associations between serum protein fractions as determined by routine electrophoresis (total protein, albumin, alpha-1 and -2 globulins, beta-globulins and Ig's) at arrival and BRD and NCD in the first 3 weeks of the production cycle. The second objective was to determine whether the serostatus (seropositive/seronegative) of seven respiratory pathogens (bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenzavirus-3, bovine coronavirus (BCV), bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, Mannheimia haemolytica and Mycoplasma bovis) of these arrival serum samples could be associated with the risk of having BRD. The third objective was to determine which of the electrophoresis proteins and respiratory serostatuses were associated with average daily gain (ADG) in the study period. The study population consisted of 150 rosé veal calves housed in a single air-space. The study period ended at day 18 post arrival, when BRD incidence was judged to be too high to further postpone a group treatment. A Cox regression model was used to determine the effect of the studied protein fractions and antibodies on the time to BRD and NCD occurrence. The effect of the studied predictors on ADG was determined by linear regression. Calves with Ig levels under 7.5g/L had an increased BRD hazard (hazard ratio (HR)=1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.2-3.0)). NCD was only positively associated with the alpha-2 globulin concentration. Calves with a negative serostatus for BCV (HR=1.7 (95% CI=1.0-2.8)) or BRSV (HR=2.0 (95% CI=1.0-3.9)) had an increased BRD hazard. Average daily gain (ADG) was 0.242kg/day (SD=0.142) and was not related to the occurrence of BRD or NCD. Calves with Ig's below 7.5g/L and with increased levels of alpha-2 globulins showed a decrease in ADG. This study showed the importance of providing sufficient colostrum to veal calves and the potential benefit of the presence of BCV and BRSV antibodies at arrival to reduce the BRD hazard in the first 3 weeks.

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Section: Days On Feedcontrasting

confidence: 81%

Prediction of respiratory disease and diarrhea in veal calves based on immunoglobulin levels and the serostatus for respiratory pathogens measured at arrival

Pardon

Alliet

Boone³

et al. 2015

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…reported the cost of calf scours ranged from AUD$0.50–$68.60, with a mean cost of AUD$18.70 per breeding cow . In another study, scours during the neonatal period resulted in a significant weight loss (10.7 kg) between birth and weaning compared with healthy calves, so even the 4.5% incidence in the examined beef herds equates to a substantial financial loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Incidence of calf scours and associated risk factors in southernNewSouthWales beef herds

Lievaart

Charman²,

Scrivener

et al. 2013

Aust Veterinary J

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“…However, an absence of effects of birth difficulty has been reported previously on the growth of dairy calves to 3 mo of age (Lundborg et al, 2003) and to calving (Heinrichs et al, 2005). This is despite dystocial calves being more likely to suffer from respiratory diseases, at least during their first 4 mo of life (Wittum et al, 1994a;Lombard et al, 2007), and sickness being associated with decreased growth (Wittum et al, 1994b;Donovan et al, 1998). In addition, we observed no evidence in the present study that dystocial calves had subsequently impaired fertility as no effect of birth difficulty existed for the number of services needed to achieve pregnancy and the age at first calving in the EDI and CR heifer calves (Table 2; P > 0.1).…”

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Short communication: Survival, growth to weaning, and subsequent fertility of live-born dairy heifers after a difficult birth

Barrier¹,

Dwyer²,

Macrae³

et al. 2012

Journal of Dairy Science

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The experience of a difficult birth (dystocia) is traumatic and has adverse effects on the newborn in various species. Despite affecting up to 1 in 3 births in dairy cattle, studies on calves have been mostly limited to the first day of life. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dystocia on the survival to calving, growth to weaning, and subsequent fertility as nulliparous animals. Historical data from live-born Holstein heifer calves born from cows with various birth difficulty scores (no assistance; moderate; high difficulty) were obtained from 2 herds (Edinburgh herd: n=1,237; Crichton Royal Farm herd: n=721). Each herd was analyzed separately for birth weights, weaning weights, growth rate to weaning, number of services to conception, and age at first calving using REML and generalized linear mixed model analyses. Survival analysis (Cox proportional hazards model) was used in the Edinburgh herd to analyze the subsequent survival of live-born heifers, whereas descriptive data are presented for the Crichton Royal Farm herd. A higher mortality risk to weaning and to first service was observed in the live-born heifers that experienced moderate difficulty at birth compared with heifers born naturally. Surviving dystocial heifers had similar growth-to-weaning and fertility performance as heifers born naturally in both herds. It could be that the performance of dystocial heifers that survived to weaning was not affected or that it was compensated for by farm management. This study highlights long-term effects of the early experience of a difficult birth and thereby stresses the importance of preventing dystocia not just from the point of view of the adult cow, but also from the perspective of the calf. This would also improve farm efficiency and calf welfare.

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The influence of neonatal health on weaning weight of Colarado, USA beef calves

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

Prediction of respiratory disease and diarrhea in veal calves based on immunoglobulin levels and the serostatus for respiratory pathogens measured at arrival

Prediction of respiratory disease and diarrhea in veal calves based on immunoglobulin levels and the serostatus for respiratory pathogens measured at arrival

Incidence of calf scours and associated risk factors in southernNewSouthWales beef herds

Short communication: Survival, growth to weaning, and subsequent fertility of live-born dairy heifers after a difficult birth

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