The influence of neck torsion and sequence of cycles on intra-trial reliability of smooth pursuit eye movement test in patients with neck pain disorders

Rosker, Ziva Majcen; Rosker, Jernej; Vodičar, Miha; Kristjansson, Eythor

doi:10.1007/s00221-021-06288-1

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A reliable and valid SPNTT protocol [ 5 , 6 , 26 ] was conducted as described in the study by Majcen Rosker et al [ 6 ]. Tracking of a horizontally moving target was performed at three different neck positions: facing forward (the trunk and head were in a neutral position), right neck torsion at 45° and left neck torsion at 45°.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedure of analyzing eye movement data is described in the study by Majcen Rosker et al [ 6 ]. The square waves, saccades and blinks were removed from the eye movement data using custom-written software in Matlab (R2017b, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensorimotor disturbances affect multiple functional subsystems of which altered postural balance [ 4 ], eye movement control [ 5 , 6 ], kinaesthesia [ 7 ] and others are commonly identified in patients with neck pain disorders. A possible reason for sensorimotor disturbances in neck pain patients is suggested to be due to mismatch of sensory information derived from the cervical spine, visual and vestibular systems, which are neurophysiologically interconnected at the level of the brainstem [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between Cervicocephalic Kinesthetic Sensibility Measured during Dynamic Unpredictable Head Movements and Eye Movement Control or Postural Balance in Neck Pain Patients

Rosker

Vodičar

Kristjansson

2022

IJERPH

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Cervical afferent input is believed to affect postural balance and oculomotor control in neck pain patients, but its relationship to cervicocephalic kinesthesia, describing movement sense, has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of two aspects of cervicocephalic kinesthesia to postural balance and oculomotor control in neck torsion positions. Forty-three idiopathic neck pain patients referred from orthopedic outpatient clinics and forty-two asymptomatic controls were enrolled in the study. A force plate was used to measure center-of-pressure movements during parallel stances under neutral and neck torsion maneuvers. Video-oculography was used to assess eye movements during smooth pursuit neck torsion test (SPNTT), while kinesthetic awareness was measured using the Butterfly test and head-to-neutral relocation test. Multiple regression was used to describe relationships between tests. Body sway in the anterior–posterior direction was related to Butterfly parameters but less to the head-to-neutral test. A medium relationship between Butterfly parameters and gain during SPNTT, with less SPNT-difference, was observed, but not for the head-to-neutral test. It can be concluded that specific aspect of neck kinesthetic functions (i.e., movement sense) importantly contributes towards oculomotor and balance control, which is more evident under neck torsion positions in neck pain patients, but is less pronounced in asymptomatic individuals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between Cervicocephalic Kinesthetic Sensibility Measured during Dynamic Unpredictable Head Movements and Eye Movement Control or Postural Balance in Neck Pain Patients

Rosker

Vodičar

Kristjansson

2022

IJERPH

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“…The horizontal eye movements were analysed using gain, calculated as the ratio between eye velocity amplitude and visual target velocity amplitude, as described by Tjell et al [ 18 ]. Gain torsion R represents the average gain during right neck torsion position from the 6th to 9th cycle, and gain torsion L represents the average gain during left neck torsion position from the 6th to 9th cycle [ 17 ]. In addition, smooth pursuit neck torsion difference (SPNT diff ) was calculated, as presented in Equation (1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oculomotor control of which the ability to smoothly follow a moving target with one’s eyes has been frequently investigated in clinical and research practice [ 6 ] and is altered in patients with neck pain disorders [ 5 ]. This is especially evident when the neck is torsioned to 45° to the left and to the right [ 14 , 15 ], called the smooth pursuit neck torsion test (SPNT) that has previously been identified as a reliable tool [ 16 , 17 ]. Neck pain patients frequently exhibit more sporadic saccadic jumps and lack the ability to focus their gaze on a moving target during the SPNT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Altered Oculomotor Control during Smooth Pursuit Neck Torsion Test Related to Subjective Visual Complaints in Patients with Neck Pain Disorders?

Rosker

Vodičar

Kristjansson

2022

IJERPH

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Subjective visual complaints are commonly reported in patients with neck pain, but their relation to objectively measured oculomotor functions during smooth pursuit neck torsion tests (SPNTs) has not yet been investigated. The aim of the study was to analyse classification accuracy of visual symptom intensity and frequency based on SPNT results. Forty-three patients with neck pain were referred by orthopaedic outpatient clinics where they were required to fill out 16-item proformas of visual complaints. Infrared video-oculography was used to measure smooth pursuit eye movements during neutral and neck torsion positions. Parameters of gain and SPNT difference (SPNTdiff) were taken into the Naïve Bayes model as classifiers, while intensity and frequency of visual symptoms were taken as predicted class. Intensity and, to a lesser degree, frequency of visual symptoms previously associated with neck pain or focal vision disorders (computer vision syndrome) showed better classification accuracy using gain at neck torsion position, indicating cervical driven visual disturbances. Moreover, SPNTdiff presented with slightly lower classification accuracy as compared to gain at neck torsion position. Our study confirmed the relationship between cervical driven oculomotor deficits and some visual complaints (concentrating to read, words moving on page, blurred vision, difficulty judging distance, sore eyes, heavy eyes, red eyes, and eyes strain).

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Pupillometric parameters of alertness during unpredictable but not predictable smooth pursuit neck torsion test are altered in patients with neck pain disorders: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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Despite commonly investigated predictable smooth-pursuit neck-torsion tasks (SPNT) in neck pain patients, unpredictable conditions have been seldom investigated but are indicative of preserved oculomotor functions during neck torsion. Although not previously studied, some speculations about compensatory cognitive mechanisms such as increased phasic alertness during unpredictable tasks were suggested. The aim of this study was to investigate eye movement accuracy and pupillometric responses during predictable and unpredictable SPNT test in neck pain patients and asymptomatic controls. Eye movements (gain and SPNT-difference) and pupillometry indicative of tonic (average and relative pupil diameter) and phasic (index of cognitive activity-ICA) alertness were measured in 28 idiopathic neck pain patients and 30 asymptomatic individuals using infrared video-oculography during predictable and unpredictable SPNT test. Gain in unpredictable SPNT test was lower as compared to predictable tasks and presented with similar levels in neutral and neck torsion positions, but not in the predictable SPNT test. ICA was lower during neutral position in all tasks in patients as compared to control group but increased during neck torsion positions in unpredictable tasks. Relative pupil diameters presented with no differences between the groups or neck positions, but the opposite was observed for average pupil diameter. Higher ICA indicates an increase in phasic alertness in neck pain patients despite no alterations in oculomotor control during SPNT test. This is the first study to indicate cognitive deficits in oculomotor task in neck pain patients. The latter could negatively affect other tasks where additional cognitive resources must be involved.

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The influence of neck torsion and sequence of cycles on intra-trial reliability of smooth pursuit eye movement test in patients with neck pain disorders

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Relationship between Cervicocephalic Kinesthetic Sensibility Measured during Dynamic Unpredictable Head Movements and Eye Movement Control or Postural Balance in Neck Pain Patients

Relationship between Cervicocephalic Kinesthetic Sensibility Measured during Dynamic Unpredictable Head Movements and Eye Movement Control or Postural Balance in Neck Pain Patients

Is Altered Oculomotor Control during Smooth Pursuit Neck Torsion Test Related to Subjective Visual Complaints in Patients with Neck Pain Disorders?

Pupillometric parameters of alertness during unpredictable but not predictable smooth pursuit neck torsion test are altered in patients with neck pain disorders: a cross-sectional study

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