The influence of natural reinforcement fibers, gypsum and cement on compressive strength of earth bricks materials

Zak, Philip; Ashour, Taha; Korjenić, Azra; Korjenic, Sinan; Wu, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.031

Cited by 126 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Figure 12 shows that the compressive strength of the earth F increases according to the cement content rate. All recent studies [9,3,6,10,11,12,13,21,22] have shown that the mechanical properties increase with the cement dosage without giving the function of this increase. Since this increase is varied according to the particle size and the mineralogical composition of the earth, which impacts the economic investment in cement.…”

Section: Mechanical Results and Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of the earth mortar: Physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization for the reduction of the capillary rise

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The stabilization of the earth material in the fields related to the earthen construction, in compliance with the standards in force, allows strong results of strength and durability. The chemical and mineralogical elements play an important role, in the presence of an 'optimum' cement dosage, to strengthen the ties between the clays and the grains of the earth.. This approach targets the search for better performances in the use of natural materials resource in an ecoresponsible habitat. This study presents the experimental results of the four techniques of mineralogical and chemical analysis on mortar specimens obtained from earth of the city of Fez. The results of the uni-axial compressive tests of the cylindrical specimens for this earth, associated by various percentages 0%, 4%, 7% and 10% by weight of cement, make it possible to analyze the effect of the mineralogical and chemical elements on the mechanical properties, namely Young's modulus, compressive strength and limiting deformation. However, we determine the water absorption coefficient of the mortar for different cement dosages in order to optimize the durability of the mortar against bad weather, rain and / or very wet climates. In the earth mortar of Fez, the strong presence of calcite (CaCO3), quartz SiO2 and dolomite CaMg (CO3)2 amplifies the improvement of the behavior of the material by the addition of cement. In fact, this strong presence of calcite stabilized the clay by cementing quartz and the cement matrix to strengthen the ties between the grains of the earth. In addition, with respect to the capillary rise, the water absorption decreases with the addition of cement. We also note that the evolution of the mechanical properties is of no importance except in the interval [4 to 7%] which represents the zone of effect for cement stabilization and which houses the optimum technicoeconomic cement dosing.Résumé. La stabilisation du matériau terre crue dans les domaines liés à la construction en terre, dans le respect des normes en vigueur, permet des résultats de résistance mécanique et de durabilité forts probants. Les éléments chimiques et minéralogiques y jouent un rôle déterminant et permettent, en présence d'un dosage 'optimal' du ciment, de renforcer les liens entre les argiles et les grains de la terre. Ainsi, la connaissance de la nature de la terre crue à utiliser dans la construction, par l'identification scientifique de ses composantes, est incontournable à cet effet. Cette démarche cible la recherche de performances meilleures dans l'utilisation des matériaux naturels et bio ressourcés au niveau d'un habitat éco responsable. Notre recherche présente les résultats expérimentaux des quatre techniques des analyses minéralogiques et chimiques sur des éprouvettes de mortier obtenues à partir d'une terre de la ville de Fès par la diffraction des rayons X, l'Infrarouge, le Microscope électronique à balayage et la fluorescence X. Les résultats des essais de compression uni-axiale des éprouvettes cylindriques de cette terre associé...

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Section: Mechanical Results and Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of the earth mortar: Physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization for the reduction of the capillary rise

et al. 2018

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“…Alle Rezepturen wiesen bei der Labormessung sehr gute Wärmedämmeigenschaften auf, wobei der Durchschnittswert der Wärmeleitfähigkeit im trockneten Zustand 0,0715 W · m -1 · K -1 betrug. Es konnten Hypothesen und Schlussfolgerungen von anderen Wissenschaftler-Innen, die sich ebenfalls mit der Entwicklung eines Putzes mit Naturfasern beschäftigten, bestätigt werden, dass es durch die Zugabe von Naturfasern zu einer Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften kommt [18,19,20,31,32,33]. Die Naturfasern kommen im Speziellen zur Anwendung, um die plastische Verformung zu verhindern, wobei Putze auf Kalkbasis diesbezüglich besonders anfällig sind.…”

Section: Danksagungunclassified

Entwicklung eines Wärmedämmputzes mit Naturfasern und Untersuchung des Wärme‐ und Feuchteverhaltens

et al. 2017

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Das Hauptziel dieses Gemeinschaftsprojektes der TU Brno und TU Wien war es, geeignete Putzrezepturen (Wärmedämmputze) zu entwickeln, bei denen Fasern pflanzlicher oder tierischer Herkunft bzw. Zellulosefasern aus der Papierindustrie eingemischt werden, die ökologische Anforderungen erfüllen und günstige bauphysikalische Eigenschaften für Baukonstruktionen vorweisen. Neben den (bau‐) physikalischen Untersuchungen wurden wärmetechnische und mechanische Grundeigenschaften einschließlich Feuchteverhalten ermittelt. Die Untersuchungen zeigten im Hinblick auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften und das Feuchtigkeitsverhalten sehr gute Ergebnisse. Nach der Entwicklung und Bestimmung der Materialkenndaten wurden diese in die WUFI‐Datenbank integriert. Des Weiteren wurde einer der speziell entwickelten Putze (Beimengung von Schafwolle und Ziegenhaaren) unter realen Bedingungen hinsichtlich Wärmedämmeigenschaften und Feuchteverhalten analysiert und bewertet. Das neuentwickelte Putzsystem wurde bei einer realen Sanierung angewendet, die Situation in einer WUFI‐Simulation nachgebildet und sowohl messtechnisch als auch rechnerisch untersucht. Die Messungen und die Simulation zeigten ein sehr positives Verhalten.

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“…With the activation of quicklime and gypsum, the pozzolanic reaction of GGBS and hydrate reaction of cement are accelerated, which produces more C-S-H and ettringite, so the cement-soil mixes stabilized by GGBS, quicklime, and gypsum become much more compact than those without other stabilizers. However, a significant decrease of compressive strength occur while replacing 2% quicklime with 2% gypsum, and the coefficient of softening also drop from 0.97 to 0.79. e reason for the reduction may be that by building up the crystal framework, too much Advances in Materials Science and Engineeringgypsum may expand into the pores and form excessive ettringite, which causes cracks in the structure and has a negative influence on the binding force of sandy soil particles, leading compressive strength to decrease [40].…”

Section: Water Immersion Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Sandy Soil as the Primary Raw Material in Production of Unfired Bricks

Tao

Pan

Qiao

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In this study, attempts were made to use sandy soil as the main raw material in making unfired bricks. e sprayed-cured brick specimens were tested for compressive and flexural strength, rate of water absorption, percentage of voids, bulk density, freezing/thawing, and water immersion resistance. In addition, the microstructures of the specimens were also studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. e test results show that unfired brick specimens with the addition of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) tend to achieve better mechanical properties when compared with the specimens that added cement alone, with GGBS correcting particle size distribution and contributing to the pozzolanic reactions and the pore-filling effects. e test specimens with the appropriate addition of cement, GGBS, quicklime, and gypsum are dense and show a low water absorption rate, a low percentage of voids, and an excellent freezing/thawing and water immersion resistance. e SEM observation and XRD analysis verify the formation of hydrate products C-S-H and ettringite, providing a better explanation of the mechanical and physical behavior and durability of the derived unfired bricks. e results obtained suggest that there is a technical approach for the high-efficient comprehensive utilization of sandy soil and provide increased economic and environmental benefits.

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The influence of natural reinforcement fibers, gypsum and cement on compressive strength of earth bricks materials

Cited by 126 publications

References 30 publications

Durability of the earth mortar: Physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization for the reduction of the capillary rise

Durability of the earth mortar: Physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization for the reduction of the capillary rise

Entwicklung eines Wärmedämmputzes mit Naturfasern und Untersuchung des Wärme‐ und Feuchteverhaltens

Utilization of Sandy Soil as the Primary Raw Material in Production of Unfired Bricks

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