Background: Living arrangements, social support, and self-efficacy have significant implications for self-management science. Despite the theoretical linkages among the three concepts, there is limited empirical evidence about their interplay and the subsequent influence on heart failure (HF) self-management. Objective: To validate components of the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory among individuals with HF. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data generated from a sample of 370 individuals with HF. A path analysis was conducted to examine the indirect and direct associations among social environment (living arrangements), social facilitation (social support) and belief (self-efficacy) processes, and self-management behaviors (HF self-care maintenance) while accounting for individual and condition-specific factors (age, sex, race, and HF disease severity).