The influence of microstructure on the shock and spall behaviour of the magnesium alloy, Elektron 675

Hazell, Paul J.; Appleby-Thomas, Gareth; Wielewski, Euan; Stennett, C.; Siviour, Clive R.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2012.07.041

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For instance, figure 5c shows the microstructure of the Mg alloy Elektron 675-T5 where striations of relatively small grains (indicated by the arrows) are observed. These striations can affect both the spall strength and the HEL [58]. In a recent study, Mg alloy samples possessing the microstructure depicted in figure 5c were shocked either along the extrusion direction or perpendicular to it.…”

Section: (B) Spall Response Of Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

The shock and spall response of three industrially important hexagonal close-packed metals: magnesium, titanium and zirconium

Hazell

Appleby-Thomas

Wielewski

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Magnesium, titanium and zirconium and their alloys are extensively used in industrial and military applications where they would be subjected to extreme environments of high stress and strain-rate loading. Their hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal lattice structures present interesting challenges for optimizing their mechanical response under such loading conditions. In this paper, we review how these materials respond to shock loading via plate-impact experiments. We also discuss the relationship between a heterogeneous and anisotropic microstructure, typical of HCP materials, and the directional dependency of the elastic limit and, in some cases, the strength prior to failure.

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Section: (B) Spall Response Of Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

The shock and spall response of three industrially important hexagonal close-packed metals: magnesium, titanium and zirconium

Hazell

Appleby-Thomas

Wielewski

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…The propagation of such shocks is typically monitored via sensors such as embedded stress gauges [6,21] or interferometers [22]. These sensors allow measurement of one or more of the five shock parameters, namely: the velocity of the propagating shock, US; the mass/particle velocity of the continuum elements propagating the shock, uP; the Hugoniot -or longitudinal equilibrium -stress, σX; density of the target material, ρ, and; internal target material energy, E. Additional shock parameters can then be calculated via the Rankine-Hugoniot conservation (jump) equations [20], with the accessible physical states a shocked material passes through described by Hugoniot relationships such as σX-up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the high-strain rate (shock and ballistic) response of the elastomeric tissue simulant Perma-Gel®

Appleby-Thomas

Wood

Hameed

et al. 2016

International Journal of Impact Engineering

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A B S T R A C TFor both ethical and practical reasons accurate tissue simulant materials are essential for ballistic testing applications. A wide variety of different materials have been previously adopted for such roles, ranging from gelatin to ballistics soap. However, while often well characterised quasi-statically, there is typically a paucity of information on the high strain-rate response of such materials in the literature. Here, building on previous studies by the authors on other tissue analogues, equation-of-state data for the elastomeric epithelial/muscular simulant material Perma-Gel ® is presented, along with results from a series of ballistic tests designed to illustrate its impact-related behaviour. Comparison of both hydrodynamic and ballistic behaviour to that of comparable epithelial tissues/analogues (Sylgard ® and porcine muscle tissue) has provided an insight into the applicability of both Perma-Gel ® and, more generally, monolithic simulants for ballistic testing purposes. Of particular note was an apparent link between the high strain-rate compressibility (evidenced in the Hugoniot relationship in the Us-up plane) and subsequent ballistic response of these materials. Overall, work conducted in this study highlighted the importance of fully characterising tissue analogues -with particular emphasis on the requirement to understand the behaviour of such analogues under impact as part of a system as well as individually.

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“…Such improvement in grain refinement may improve the spall response of these materials under shock loading conditions. The shock response of magnesium and magnesium alloys has been studied by other researchers [5][6][7][8][9]. The present research was conducted to improve the current knowledge on the shock response of two magnesium alloys, and the effects of microstructure on the spall response resulting from both ECAE and SWAP processes were studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural effects on the spall properties of ECAE and SWAP magnesium alloys: AZ31B-4E and AMX602

Williams¹,

Farbaniec²,

Kecskes³

et al. 2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The effects of microstructure on the spall properties of two magnesium alloys fabricated via Equal-Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) and Spinning Water Atomization Process (SWAP) were investigated. The Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) for both AZ31B-4E and AMX602 magnesium alloys were found to be approximately 0.181±0.003 GPa and 0.187±0.012 GPa, respectively. The spall strengths extracted from the free surface velocity profiles were found to decrease by approximately 4% for AZ31B-4E between 1.7 GPa to 4.6 GPa shock stress. Although this reduction in spall strength may lie within the experimental error, the microstructure of the post-shocked magnesium alloy show that manganese intermetallic inclusions in the AZ31B-4E magnesium were perhaps responsible for the reduction in spall strength as a function of shock stress. On the contrary, the spall strength for AMX602 was found to be random for the same shock stress range studied. This random behavior of the AMX602 was likely due to the incomplete sintering during mechanical processing. The fracture surfaces of both materials were dominated by nanovoids and the AMX602 fracture surface was found to be striated. A more in-depth study is needed to better understand the spall behavior of both materials.

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The influence of microstructure on the shock and spall behaviour of the magnesium alloy, Elektron 675

Cited by 56 publications

References 23 publications

The shock and spall response of three industrially important hexagonal close-packed metals: magnesium, titanium and zirconium

The shock and spall response of three industrially important hexagonal close-packed metals: magnesium, titanium and zirconium

Investigation of the high-strain rate (shock and ballistic) response of the elastomeric tissue simulant Perma-Gel®

Microstructural effects on the spall properties of ECAE and SWAP magnesium alloys: AZ31B-4E and AMX602

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