The influence of microporosity creation in highly mesoporous N-containing carbons obtained from chitosan on their catalytic and electrochemical properties

Lezanska, M.; Olejniczak, Andrzej; Pacuła, Aleksandra; Szymański, G.; Włoch, Jerzy

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2013.11.011

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…where C is the capacitance of the cell, I the discharge current, Dt the discharge time, DV the voltage range, and m the mass of the active material on the electrode [28][29][30].…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of microporosity on nitrogen-doped microporous carbons for electrode of supercapacitor

Cho¹,

Lee²,

Park³

2014

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Nitrogen-doped microporous carbons were prepared using a polyvinylidene fluoride/ melamine mixture. The electrochemical performance of the nitrogen-doped microporous carbons after being subjected to different carbonization conditions was investigated. The nitrogen to carbon ratio and specific surface area decreased with an increase in the carbonization temperature. However, the maximum specific capacitance of 208 F/g was obtained at a carbonization temperature of 800°C because it produced the highest microporosity.

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“…where C is the capacitance of the cell, I the discharge current, Dt the discharge time, DV the voltage range, and m the mass of the active material on the electrode [28][29][30].…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is usually used for doping nitrogen functional groups. Nitrogenenriched carbons possess high specific surface area and specific capacitance [18][19][20][21]. Nitrogen in melamine-derived carbons exists mainly in pyridinic, quaternary, and oxidized forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of microporosity on nitrogen-doped microporous carbons for electrode of supercapacitor

Cho¹,

Lee²,

Park³

2014

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“…The formation of additional small-diameter pores in such thin walls due to the action of ZnCl 2 activator during carbonization at high temperature may bring about a collapse of the structure. Hence, in the previous work [33], for modification with ZnCl 2 the ratios of silica to chitosan of 1.0 and 2.5 were selected. Given, analogous concentrations of chitosan and both Ludox silicas in the synthetic mixtures, and comparable density of those latter, the materials with the highest pore volume, for the same silica to chitosan ratio could be expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chitosan-derived carbons are appreciated for the high content of nitrogen that can be introduced into the material [32]. Previously, we presented some exemplary applications of chitosan in the chemistry of carbon materials [32,33]. It is important to investigate the effect of the amount of ZnCl 2 and the temperature of carbonization on the final nitrogen content of the samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to investigate the effect of the amount of ZnCl 2 and the temperature of carbonization on the final nitrogen content of the samples. The novelty and the main difference between the standard modification of carbon material with ZnCl 2 and that used in this work, is that the carbon or precarbonized precursor is not impregnated with the salt, but ZnCl 2 is incorporated into the solution during the synthesis, as it was mentioned in our previously presented work [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hierarchical porous carbon templated with silica spheres of a diameter of 14 nm from pure chitosan or a chitosan/ZnCl2 solution

2018

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Nitrogen-containing mesoporous carbons with the use of colloidal silica spheres of (14 nm) and chitosan as a carbon precursor were obtained. A removal of such small template particles from carbonized silica-chitosan composite is difficult and HF with a minimum concentration of 15 wt% should be used. By varying the silica-to-chitosan ratio, the porous characteristic of products is controlled. The modification by ZnCl 2 with a molar Zn-to-C (in chitosan mass) ratio of '6' results in the development of microporosity; however it is accompanied by a significant reduction of mesopore volume (V mes ). The addition of ZnCl 2 in a ratio of '5.25' and pH adjustment to 5.8 increase the volumes of micropores, small mesopores, BET surface area to 1975 m 2 /g, and preserve V mes of 4.15 cm 3 /g. The novelty of the presented strategy is the creation of microporosity in the hard-templated materials by incorporating ZnCl 2 into the mixture of Ludox HS-40 template and chitosan precursor, as well as the investigation on how the pH of synthesis influences the final porosity. The pH of a silica-chitosan-zinc solution, equal to 3.9, provides some coordination of Zn 2+ by -OH and -NH 2 groups, whereas pH adjustment to 5.8 results in the precipitation of a new template-Zn(OH) 2 .

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Highly effective three-dimensional functionalization of graphite to graphene by wet chemical exfoliation methods

et al. 2019

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The paper presents results on the three-dimensional (3D) functionalization of graphite-originated flakes to graphene by carbonization of specific precursors in the presence of a hard template. In situ precipitated Na 2 CO 3 nanocrystals or CaCO 3 nano-powder were used as a hard template. Graphene flakes were obtained by a wet chemistry exfoliation of commercial graphite. The flakes were premixed with a non-specific binder and the hard template and then carbonized at temperatures of 700 to 800 °C under the flow of nitrogen. The addition of a template allowed to increase the surface area up 287 m 2 /g for the Na 2 CO 3 template and 333 m 2 /g in the case of CaCO 3 , while the surface area of 25 m 2 /g was noted for the raw graphite. Several instrumental methods were applied for the characterization of the obtained 3D-graphene materials: combustion elemental analysis, SEM, HRTEM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy and low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen. The effect of the addition of a template and the carbonization temperature on the surface area of the 3D structured graphene was demonstrated. The wet-chemistry method led to an efficient deglomeration of graphene flakes to double (DLG) and few (FLG) layered graphene. The proposed method is inexpensive.

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The influence of microporosity creation in highly mesoporous N-containing carbons obtained from chitosan on their catalytic and electrochemical properties

Cited by 24 publications

References 69 publications

Effect of microporosity on nitrogen-doped microporous carbons for electrode of supercapacitor

Effect of microporosity on nitrogen-doped microporous carbons for electrode of supercapacitor

Hierarchical porous carbon templated with silica spheres of a diameter of 14 nm from pure chitosan or a chitosan/ZnCl2 solution

Highly effective three-dimensional functionalization of graphite to graphene by wet chemical exfoliation methods

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