The influence of microfilamentous fungi on wooden organ pipes: One year investigation

Štafura, Andrej; Nagy, Štefan; Bučková, Maria; Puškárová, Andrea; Kraková, Lucia; Čulík, Martin; Beronská, Naďa; Pangallo, Domenico

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.04.006

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Fungi can attack lipids and take advantage of fatty materials as a mean to obtain carbon (while also contributing to the material deterioration) [92]. Fungal lipolytic ability characterization in cultural heritage scenarios has been helpful to study the biodeteriorative contribution of isolates retrieved from air, textiles, human remains, wax seals, albumen photographical materials, statues, wooden organs and pipes [83,84,89,93,94]. Lipolytic ability screening can be mainly conducted using Spirit Blue agar and Nile blue, and the positive action can be identified by the development of a halo around the colonies, after a period of incubation [89].…”

Section: Enzymatic Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge on the Fungal Degradation Abilities Profiled through Biodeteriorative Plate Essays

Trovão

Portugal

2021

Applied Sciences

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Fungi are known to contribute to the development of drastic biodeterioration of historical and valuable cultural heritage materials. Understandably, studies in this area are increasingly reliant on modern molecular biology techniques due to the enormous benefits they offer. However, classical culture dependent methodologies still offer the advantage of allowing fungal species biodeteriorative profiles to be studied in great detail. Both the essays available and the results concerning distinct fungal species biodeteriorative profiles obtained by amended plate essays, remain scattered and in need of a deep summarization. As such, the present work attempts to provide an overview of available options for this profiling, while also providing a summary of currently known fungal species putative biodeteriorative abilities solely obtained by the application of these methodologies. Consequently, this work also provides a series of checklists that can be helpful to microbiologists, restorers and conservation workers when attempting to safeguard cultural heritage materials worldwide from biodeterioration.

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Section: Enzymatic Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge on the Fungal Degradation Abilities Profiled through Biodeteriorative Plate Essays

Trovão

Portugal

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…T. flavus has been recently isolated from a photo conserved in the National Archives of Cuba (Borrego & Perdomo, ). The closely related species T. rugulosus has been recently isolated from wooden organ pipes and it has demonstrated cellulolytic and lignolytic activity (Štafura et al., ). Interestingly, another related species T .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial diversity in biodeteriorated Greek historical documents dating back to the 19th and 20th century: A case study

et al. 2018

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Paper documents in archives, libraries, and museums often undergo biodeterioration by microorganisms. Fungi and less often bacteria have been described to advance paper staining, so called “foxing” and degradation of paper substrates. In this study, for the first time, the fungal and bacterial diversity in biodeteriorated paper documents of Hellenic General State Archives dating back to the 19th and 20th century has been assessed by culture‐dependent and independent methods. The internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region and 16S rRNA gene were amplified by PCR from fungal and bacterial isolates and amplicons were sequenced. Sequence analysis and phylogeny revealed fungal phylotypes like Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium citrinum, Alternaria infectoria, Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum nigrum, and Penicillium chrysogenum which are often implicated in paper deterioration. Bacterial phylotypes closely related to known biodeteriogenic bacteria such as Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Kocuria sp. in accordance with previous studies were characterized. Among the fungal phylotypes described in this study are included well‐known allergens such as Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., and Cladosporium spp. that impose a serious health threat on staff members and scholars. Furthermore, fungal isolates such as Chalastospora gossypii and Trametes ochracea have been identified and implicated in biodeterioration of historical paper manuscripts in this study for the first time. Certain new or less known fungi and bacteria implicated in paper degradation were retrieved, indicating that particular ambient conditions, substrate chemistry, or even location might influence the composition of colonizing microbiota.

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“…In paper and wood conservation, fungi are a particularly major problem due to their ability to excrete cellulases. The fungal degradation of organic glues, as e.g., rabbit glue, can even lead to the collapsing of whole organ pipes [ 4 ]. In pipe organs, fungi pose enormous difficulties for restorers and organ builders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, a significantly high RH with values more that 70% RH would favor the growth of more fungal species with need for higher a w values. In Slovakian churches, a much higher diversity of fungi was reported to inhabit the instruments [ 4 ]. In all churches observed, small building changes led to a change of the climate, especially ventilation: E.g., installation of new doors, closing of the holy ghost openings in the ceilings or installation of sheltering glass for the church windows and the installation and use of heating systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the air current inside of an organ usually causes a low water availability and organic nutrients are limited to glued connections within the trackers and a small number of painted wooden pipes. However, within the last 15 years reports on mold growing inside of organs have been increasing rapidly [ 4 ], (master organ builder Siegfried Adlberger, personal communication; Schimmelpilzsanierung im Orgelbau, Bund Deutscher Orgelbaumeister e.V.). It seems that mold in organs is an increasing problem in both historical and new instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Big Sound and Extreme Fungi—Xerophilic, Halotolerant Aspergilli and Penicillia with Low Optimal Temperature as Invaders of Historic Pipe Organs

Sterflinger

Voitl

Lopandić

et al. 2018

Life

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Recent investigations have shown that xerophilic fungi may pose a biodeterioration risk by threatening objects of cultural heritage including many types of materials, including wood, paint layers, organic glues or leather and even metal. Historic—and also new built—pipe organs combine all those materials. In this study, halotolerant aspergilli and penicillia with low optimal temperatures were shown to be the most frequent invaders of pipe organs. The fungi form white mycelia on the organic components of the organs with a clear preference for the bolus paint of the wooden pipes, the leather-made hinges of the stop actions and all parts fixed by organic glue. Physiological tests showed that the strains isolated from the instruments all show a halotolerant behavior, although none was halophilic. The optimum growth temperature is below 20 °C, thus the fungi are perfectly adapted to the cool and relatively dry conditions in the churches and organs respectively. The de-novo genome sequences analyses of the strains are currently ongoing and will reveal the genomic basis for the halotolerant behavior of the fungi.

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The influence of microfilamentous fungi on wooden organ pipes: One year investigation

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Current Knowledge on the Fungal Degradation Abilities Profiled through Biodeteriorative Plate Essays

Current Knowledge on the Fungal Degradation Abilities Profiled through Biodeteriorative Plate Essays

Microbial diversity in biodeteriorated Greek historical documents dating back to the 19th and 20th century: A case study

Big Sound and Extreme Fungi—Xerophilic, Halotolerant Aspergilli and Penicillia with Low Optimal Temperature as Invaders of Historic Pipe Organs

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