The Influence of Metal Loading Amount on Ni/Mesoporous Silica Extracted from Lapindo Mud Templated by CTAB for Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil into Biofuel

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of Ni/mesoporous silica (Ni/MS) catalysts from Lapindo mud with various metal loading for the hydrocracking of waste cooking oil into biofuel has been conducted. The MS was synthesized by the hydrothermal method using CTAB as a template. The nickel-metal of 4, 6, and 8 wt% was loaded into the MS using salt precursors of Ni(NO3)2.6H2O via wet impregnation, produced the Ni(4)/MS, Ni(6)/MS, and Ni(8)/MS catalysts, respectively. The materials produced were then characterized by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA), and Absorption Atomic Spectrophotometry (AAS). The catalytic activity test was carried out for hydrocracking of waste cooking oil and the resulted liquid product was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the specific surface area of Ni(4)/MS, Ni(6)/MS, and Ni(8)/MS catalysts are 63.08, 91.45, and 120.45 m2/g, respectively. The liquid products of the hydrocracking using Ni(4)/MS, Ni(6)/MS, and Ni(8)/MS catalysts were 80.57, 74.63, and 75.77 wt%, where the total biofuel produced was 55.46, 50.93, and 54.05 wt%, respectively. Based on these results, Ni(4)/MS material was successfully used as the most potent catalyst in the hydrocracking of waste cooking oil into the biofuel. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Transformation of triolein to biogasoline by photo-chemo-biocatalysis

“…13,14 Especially, biogasoline (gasoline-range bio-hydrocarbon) is of great significance due to its high energy density, low viscosity, high stability, shorter ignition delay, and low-pollutant combustion. [15][16][17][18] However, the production of bio-hydrocarbons mainly relies on the hydrodeoxygenation process or thermal cracking of triglycerides (from vegetable oils, animal fats, algae, or other different feedstocks) at temperatures ranging from 250 °C to 450 °C and hydrogen pressure between 10 and 300 bar, [19][20][21][22][23][24] which contradicts the concept of green chemistry advocated now. 25,26 Therefore, finding alternative ways of converting renewable triglycerides into bio-hydrocarbons, especially biogasoline, is highly soughtafter.…”

Performance of a Hybrid Catalyst from Amine Groups and Nickel Nanoparticles Immobilized on Lapindo Mud in Selective Production of Bio-hydrocarbons

“…The results of this study indicate that a high nickel content can reduce the surface area and pore volume of the silica support but does not affect the mesoporous structure. Paramesti et al [11] have successfully tested the activity and selectivity of the Ni/MS catalyst against hydrocracking of waste cooking oil (WCO) into hydrocarbon compounds with variations in Ni concentration of 4%, 6%, and 8% (w/w). The results showed that the catalyst activity of Ni(4)/MS reached 80.57 wt.% and was more selective towards the formation of C5-C12 chain hydrocarbon compounds of 54.22 wt.%.…”