The influence of menstrual risk factors on tumor characteristics and survival in postmenopausal breast cancer

Orgeás, Chantal C.; Hall, Per; Rosenberg, Lena; Czene, Kamila

doi:10.1186/bcr2212

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…An early age at first full term pregnancy has also been associated with poorer survival [3,7], whereas age at menarche has not shown any consistent association [2,4,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of reproductive factors and breastfeeding with long term survival from breast cancer

Alsaker

Opdahl

Åsvold

et al. 2011

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Reproductive factors that influence breast cancer risk may also have an impact on survival, once the disease is diagnosed. In this study, 2,640 women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during follow-up after a breast cancer screening that took place in 1956-1959. Survival was assessed in relation to age at menarche, age at first birth, parity, history of breastfeeding, age at menopause, and the effect of BMI was assessed in a subset of patients. It is a special feature that the patients of this study have not been subjected to organized mammography screening and their use of exogenous hormones has been negligible. By the end of follow-up (2008), 2,301 (87%) of the patients had died and 1,022 (44%) of the deaths were caused by breast cancer. Breast cancer survival was not associated with age at menarche, parity or time since last birth, but survival was consistently poorer with increasing age at first birth (P for trend 0.03): comparing a first birth after 35 years with 25-29 years, the hazard ratio was 1.32 (95% CI 1.02-1.72). There was no evidence for a dose-related effect of breastfeeding, but BMI measured many years prior to diagnosis was inversely associated with survival (P for trend <0.01). The main finding was that reproductive factors, including breastfeeding, appear to have little influence on the survival of breast cancer patients. Age at first birth may be an exception to this, since we found a gradually poorer survival with increasing age at first birth. We also found that overweight and obesity, as measured many years prior to diagnosis, were associated with poorer survival.

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“…An early age at first full term pregnancy has also been associated with poorer survival [3,7], whereas age at menarche has not shown any consistent association [2,4,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of reproductive factors and breastfeeding with long term survival from breast cancer

Alsaker

Opdahl

Åsvold

et al. 2011

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…36,37 Higher prevalence of women with irregular menses, and previous/current users of oral contraceptives were seen in BC cases than in control women. This was reminiscent of findings which documented association of irregular menses 38,39 and oral contraceptive use 38,40 with increased incidence of BC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Transforming growth factor beta 1 polymorphisms and haplotypes associated with breast cancer susceptibility: A case-control study in Tunisian women

et al. 2019

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Variable association of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) in breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis was documented, and the contribution of specific TGFB1 polymorphisms to the progression of BC and associated features remains poorly understood. We investigated the contribution of TGFB1 rs1800469, rs1800470, rs1800471, and rs1800472 variants and 4-locus TGFB1 haplotypes on BC susceptibility, and pathological presentation of BC subtypes. Study subjects comprised 430 female BC cases, and 498 cancer-free control women. BC-associated pathological parameters were also evaluated for correlation with TGFB1 variants. Results obtained showed that the minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs1800471 (+74G>C) was higher seen in BC cases than in control subjects, and was associated with increased risk of BC. Significant differences in rs1800471 and rs1800469 (−509C>T) genotype distribution were noted between BC cases and controls, which persisted after controlling for key covariates. TGFB1 rs1800472 was positively, while rs1800470 was negatively associated with triple negativity, while rs1800470 positively correlated with menarche, but negatively with tumor size and molecular type, and rs1800469 correlated positively with menstrual irregularity, distant metastasis, nodal status, and hormonotherapy. Heterogeneity in LD pattern was noted between the tested TGFB1 variants. Four-locus (rs1800472-rs1800471-rs1800470-rs1800469) Haploview analysis identified haplotype TGCT to be negatively associated, and haplotypes CGTT and CCCC to be positively associated with BC. This association of CGTT and CCCC, but not TGCT, with BC remained significant after controlling for key covariates. In conclusion, TGFB1 alleles and specific genotypes, and 4-locus TGFB1 haplotypes influence BC susceptibility, suggesting dual association imparted by specific SNP, consistent with dual role for TGFB1 in BC pathogenesis.

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“…First, women who started menstruating early (before age 12) and/or went through menopause later (after age 55), and thus have a higher number of menstrual cycles and longer lifetime exposure to hormones, are at a slightly elevated risk of breast cancer [21, 22]. However, while a short menstrual cycle (the time from menses to menses) and therefore a higher lifetime exposure to estrogen in some studies is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer [23–26], in some studies no link has been found [27, 28]. Results of a recent meta-analysis, involving 117 epidemiological studies, suggest that the effects of early menarche and late menopause on breast cancer risk are not caused simply by the lengthening of a woman’s total number of reproductive years [22].…”

Section: Estrogens and Breast Cancer: General Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposures to Synthetic Estrogens at Different Times During the Life, and Their Effect on Breast Cancer Risk

Hilakivi‐Clarke

Assis

Wärri

2013

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

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Women are using estrogens for many purposes, such as to prevent pregnancy or miscarriage, or to treat menopausal symptoms. Estrogens also have been used to treat breast cancer which seems puzzling, since there is convincing evidence to support a link between high lifetime estrogen exposure and increased breast cancer risk. In this review, we discuss the findings that maternal exposure to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy increases breast cancer risk in both exposed mothers and their daughters. In addition, we review data regarding the use of estrogens in oral contraceptives and as postmenopausal hormone therapy and discuss the opposing effects on breast cancer risk based upon timing of exposure. We place particular emphasis on studies investigating how maternal estrogenic exposures during pregnancy increase breast cancer risk among daughters. New data suggest that these exposures induce epigenetic modifications in the mammary gland and germ cells, thereby causing an inheritable increase in breast cancer risk for multiple generations.

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The influence of menstrual risk factors on tumor characteristics and survival in postmenopausal breast cancer

Abstract: Introduction Hormonal factors are implicated in tumor progression and it is possible that factors influencing breast cancer induction could affect prognosis. Our study investigated the effects of menstrual risk factors on tumor characteristics and survival in postmenopausal breast cancer.

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

The association of reproductive factors and breastfeeding with long term survival from breast cancer

The association of reproductive factors and breastfeeding with long term survival from breast cancer

Transforming growth factor beta 1 polymorphisms and haplotypes associated with breast cancer susceptibility: A case-control study in Tunisian women

Exposures to Synthetic Estrogens at Different Times During the Life, and Their Effect on Breast Cancer Risk

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