The influence of maternal nutrition on expression of genes responsible for adipogenesis and myogenesis in the bovine fetus

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine whether altered maternal energy supply during mid-gestation results in differences in muscle histology or genes regulating fetal adipose and muscle development. In total, 22 Angus cross-bred heifers (BW = 527.73 ± 8.3 kg) were assigned randomly to the three dietary treatments providing 146% (HIGH; n = 7), 87% (INT; n = 7) or 72% (LOW; n = 8) of the energy requirements for heifers from day 85 to day 180 of gestation. Fetuses were removed via cesarean section at day 180 of gestation and longissimus muscle (LM) and subcutaneous fat were collected and prepared for analysis of gene expression. Samples from the LM and semitendinosus (ST) were evaluated for muscle fiber diameter, area and number. The right hind limb was dissected and analyzed to determine compositional analysis. Fetal growth and muscle histology characteristics of the LM and ST were similar among treatments. Preadipocyte factor-1 expression was up-regulated in fetal LM ( P < 0.05) of HIGH fetuses as compared with INT, whereas LOW fetuses showed increased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBP-β) expression in LM as compared with INT ( P < 0.05). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γand C/EBP-α did not differ as a result of dietary treatment in LM or subcutaneous fat samples. There was a tendency for increased expression of fatty acid synthase in LM of LOW fetuses as compared with INT ( P < 0.10). Myogenin was more highly expressed ( P < 0.05) in LM of the LOW fetuses, whereas μ-calpain expression was increased in the HIGH treatment compared with INT. A tendency for increased expression of IGF-II was observed for both LOW and HIGH fetuses compared with INT ( P < 0.10). Expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, myoblast determination protein 1, myogenic factor 5, myogenic regulatory factor-4, m-calpain, calpastatin, IGF-I and myostatin was similar between treatments. Collectively, these results suggest that fetal growth characteristics are not affected by the level of maternal nutritional manipulation imposed in this study during mid-gestation. However, differences in expression of fetal genes regulating adipose and muscle tissue growth and development could lead to differences in postnatal composition and warrants further investigation.

Supplementation of grazing beef cows during gestation as a strategy to improve skeletal muscle development of the offspring

“…Development and growth of foetal skeletal muscle in cattle are processes regulated by interactions between undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the embryo phase, and also nutrients supplied from the mother, which may be supplied from diet or by mobilization from body reserves (energy and protein source) (Jennings et al, 2016). Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells have the ability to create myocytes, adipocytes and fibroblasts .…”

El sistema proteolítico calpaina en la tenderización de la carne: Un enfoque molecular.

“…The maternal energy status during gestation alters meat tenderness. In a recent study, Jennings et al found up-regulation of CAPN1 in longissimus muscle of high diet treatment foetuses (46). Feeding strategies have also impact in meat tenderness.…”

“…En un estudio reciente, Jennings et al encontraron un aumento de la regulación del gen CAPN1 en el músculo longissimus de fetos sometidos a tratamientos nutricionales de alto contenido energético (46). Las estrategias de alimentación utilizadas también tienen un impacto en la terneza de la carne.…”

Fish Species Composition and Physical and Chemical Properties of Manjekin Reservoir, Adamawa State, Nigeria

“…• Children aged between 5-19 years: Obesity is greater than 2 standard deviations above the WHO growth reference median New studies report that the microenvironment in the uterus defines the obesity of the future newborn affecting males in a higher proportion [2,3]. Animal models have demonstrated the expression and suppression of genes associated with the mother's diet that affects the placental microenvironment and promotes obesity [4][5][6]. These states correlate with the chronic low-grade inflammation and immune system activation accompanied by insulin resistance [7][8][9].…”