The influence of manure composition on emissions of odour and ammonia from finishing pigs fed different concentrations of dietary crude protein

Leek, A. B. G.; Hayes, Enda T; Curran, Thomas P.; Callan, J.J.; Beattie, V.E.; Dodd, V.A.; O’Doherty, John V.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.003

Cited by 63 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As the b-glucan: protein ratio increased there was a linear decrease in the concentrations of isobutyric, isovaleric acid and the acetic: propionic acid ratio in digesta, Effect of barley levels on nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora which corroborates with the reductions in odour emissions reported by Garry et al (2007) and Leek et al (2007). By limiting protein fermentation and increasing carbohydrate fermentation in the large intestine, the production of some of the most offensive smelling compounds emanating from pig production can be reduced (Mackie et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…isobutyric and isovaleric acid are produced exclusively from protein fermentation and have a more offensive odour than the straight-chain VFAs (Mackie et al, 1998). Leek et al (2007) found that there was a linear relationship between odour emission rate and the acetic : propionic acid ratio in the slurry, while Garry et al (2007) reported that barleybased diets reduced odour by 47% compared with wheatbased diets when fed to grower finisher pigs. The linear decrease in BCFAs and acetic : propionic acid ratio in the colon would suggest that in the current study 666 g/kg barley or 25 g/kg b-glucan would emit the least odourous compounds from pig houses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of increasing the intake of dietary β-glucans by exchanging wheat for barley on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid concentration and manure ammonia emissions in finishing pigs

Lynch

Sweeney

Callan

et al. 2007

Animal

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An experiment (complete randomised design) was conducted to investigate the linear and quadratic effects of barley b-glucan inclusion level on total tract nutrient apparent digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile and manure ammonia emissions in pigs. Twenty-four boars (66 kg) were assigned to one of four treatments: (T1) 0 g/kg barley (control diet) (5.6 g/kg b-glucan), (T2) 222 g/kg barley (12.1 g/kg b-glucan), (T3) 444 g/kg barley (18.9 g/kg b-glucan) and (T4) 666 g/kg barley (25 g/kg b-glucan). Barley was substituted for wheat in the diet. The diets were formulated to contain similar concentrations of digestible energy and digestible lysine. There was a linear decrease (P , 0.001) in the total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy and neutral-detergent fibre with increasing b-glucan concentration. Faecal nitrogen excretion was affected by dietary b-glucan concentration (quadratic P , 0.05). There was a linear decrease in Enterobacteria concentrations (P , 0.05) with increasing dietary b-glucan concentration. Increasing dietary barley levels caused a linear decrease in colonic (P , 0.01) and caecal pH (P , 0.001). Total caecal VFA and propionic acid were affected by dietary b-glucan concentration (quadratic, P , 0.05). There was a linear decrease in the proportion of acetic acid (P , 0.001), isobutyric acid (P , 0.01) and isovaleric acid (P , 0.05) with increasing levels of dietary barley in both the caecum and colon. There was a linear increase in the proportion of propionic acid (P , 0.001) and butyric acid (P , 0.05) with increasing barley in the colon. In conclusion, high level of dietary b-glucan (25 g/kg) is required to reduce offensive odour forming branched-chain VFAs; however, diet digestibility is compromised at such levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of increasing the intake of dietary β-glucans by exchanging wheat for barley on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid concentration and manure ammonia emissions in finishing pigs

Lynch

Sweeney

Callan

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…There is a low correlation between swine manure ammonia and odour emissions (Liu and Hoff, 1993;Verdoes and Ogink, 1997;Leek et al, 2007). Manure odour originates from the decomposition of proteins; however, ammonia production is not a result of the same degradation kinetics as the major part of ammonia in the manure originates from urea hydrolysis (Zhu, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leek et al (2007) reported that pigs offered 210 g/kg CP had a higher odour emission rate compared with pigs offered 130 and 160 g/kg CP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of crude protein concentration and sugar-beet pulp on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal fermentation and manure ammonia and odour emissions from finisher pigs

Lynch

O’Shea

Sweeney

et al. 2008

Animal

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A 2 3 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction between high and low dietary crude protein (CP) (200 v. 150 g/kg) and sugar-beet pulp (SBP) (200 v. 0 g/kg) on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) excretion, intestinal fermentation and manure ammonia and odour emissions from 24 boars (n 5 6, 74.0 kg live weight). The diets were formulated to contain similar concentrations of digestible energy (13.6 MJ/kg) and lysine (10.0 g/kg). Pigs offered SBP-containing diets had a reduced (P , 0.05) digestibility of dry matter, ash, N, gross energy and an increased ( P , 0.001) digestibility of neutraldetergent fibre compared with pigs offered diets containing no SBP. There was an interaction between CP and SBP on urinary N excretion and the urine : faeces N ratio. Pigs offered the 200 g/kg CP SBP-based diet had reduced urine : faeces N ratio (P , 0.05) and urinary N excretion ( P , 0.05) compared with those offered the 200 g/kg CP diet without SBP. However, there was no effect of SBP in pigs offered 150 g/kg CP diets. Manure ammonia emissions were reduced by 33% from 0 to 240 h (P , 0.01); however, odour emissions were increased by 41% (P , 0.05) when pigs were offered SBP diets. Decreasing dietary CP to 150 g/kg reduced total N excretion ( P , 0.001) and ammonia emissions from 0 to 240 h ( P , 0.05). There was an interaction between dietary CP and SBP on branched-chain fatty acids ( P , 0.001) in caecal digesta. Pigs offered the 200 g/kg CP SBP-containing diet reduced branched-chain fatty acids in the caecum compared with pigs offered the 200 g/kg CP diet containing no SBP. However, there was no effect of SBP in the 150 g/kg CP diet. In conclusion, pigs offered SBP-containing diets had a reduced manure ammonia emissions and increased odour emissions compared with diets containing no SBP. Pigs offered the 200 g/kg CP SBP-containing diet had a reduced urine : faeces N ratio and urinary N excretion compared with those offered the 200 g/kg CP diet containing no SBP.

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“…This incomplete degradation results in the production of foul smelling compounds that can be divided into four different chemical classes: i) volatile fatty acids (VFA), both branched or straight chain; ii) aromatic compounds (i.e., indoles and phenols); iii) nitrogencontaining compounds (i.e., ammonia and volatile amines); and iv) sulphur-containing compounds (i.e., hydrogen sulphide and mercaptanes) (Zhu, 2000;Varel and Miller, 2001;Rappert and Müller, 2005;Hanajima et al, 2010). Normally, the emission of VFA, especially those with chain length between 2 and 5 atoms of carbon, is a reliable indicator of foul odour (Zhu et al, 1999;Sheridan et al, 2003), in fact, there is a good correlation between their concentration in the air and the perception of bad smell (Barth et al, 1974;Leek et al, 2007). However, not all compounds contribute with the same intensity, as the human nose has widely different sensitivities towards unpleasant smelling substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of odorous compounds emissions from swine slurry by electrolytic treatments and copper addition

Podrecca

Chiumenti

Borso

et al. 2017

J Agricult Engineer

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Swine livestock farms represent potential sources of emissions of gaseous compounds and odors in relation to slurry management, manure treatment, and particularly, storage. Electrolytic treatments of slurries were proposed to solve this pressing problem. Electrolytic treatment consists of the passage of a low electric current through the liquid phase of swine manure in storage basins determined by two or more electrodes with alternated polarisation. We investigated the mechanisms of odour reduction and evaluated the effects of current intensity and of anodically dissolved copper (Cu 2+ ) ions. Fresh swine slurry was subject to electrolytic treatment in a bench top experiment, at 25 mA and 75 mA for 32 days with either copper or graphite electrodes. Emissions of methane, hydrogen sulphide, and volatile fatty acids were measured. Effects of copper addition to fresh swine slurry were also monitored in a bench top scale trial. Reduction of emissions was found to be due to both current passage and copper dissolution. Reduction of foul emissions in graphite electrodes assays resulted lower than in copper electrodes assays, although the direct additions of Cu 2+ ions had a much larger effect than could be predicted from the results of electrolytic treatments with copper electrodes, probably due to the greater uniformity in distribution in swine manure. A simple empiric odour threshold value normalised index, odour offensiveness index of slurries, was found to be effective in differentiating treatments.

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The influence of manure composition on emissions of odour and ammonia from finishing pigs fed different concentrations of dietary crude protein

Cited by 63 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of increasing the intake of dietary β-glucans by exchanging wheat for barley on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid concentration and manure ammonia emissions in finishing pigs

Effects of increasing the intake of dietary β-glucans by exchanging wheat for barley on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid concentration and manure ammonia emissions in finishing pigs

Effect of crude protein concentration and sugar-beet pulp on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal fermentation and manure ammonia and odour emissions from finisher pigs

Reduction of odorous compounds emissions from swine slurry by electrolytic treatments and copper addition

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