The influence of mania and depression on the pharmacokinetics of lithium

Kukopulos, A.; Minnai, Gian Paolo; Müller‐Oerlinghausen, B.

doi:10.1016/0165-0327(85)90039-4

Cited by 42 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Indeed it has been reported that the sodium-lithium counterexchange system may be modulated by endocrine systems such as the HPA axis [34]. Interestingly, some clinical observations [35,36], such as variations in plasma lithium levels related to the different phases of manic-depressive disease correspond with the present results.…”

Section: Plasma Lithium Levelssupporting

confidence: 78%

Effect of Lithium Carbonate on the Enhancement of Serotonin 2A Receptor Elicited by Dexamethasone

Jitsuiki¹,

Kagaya²,

Goto³

et al. 2000

Neuropsychobiology

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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether chronic dexamethasone (Dex) administration induces serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor supersensitivity and if chronic lithium carbonate (Li) administration contributes to the normalization of 5-HT2A receptor supersensitivity induced by Dex in rat brain. We investigated the effects of a 14-day administration of Dex and/or Li on changes in body weight (BW), on plasma corticosterone levels, on plasma lithium levels, on 5-HT2A receptor binding sites, and on (±)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2 aminopropane (DOI)-induced wet dog shake (WDS), which is mediated by 5-HT2A receptor in rats. Dex significantly reduced the BW of rats. Li did not have any effect on BW gain and did not prevent the BW loss induced by Dex. The plasma corticosterone levels of rats treated with Dex were too low to be detected. Li did not have any effect on corticosterone levels and did not prevent the decrease in the corticosterone levels induced by Dex. Six hours after the last treatment, the plasma lithium levels of rats treated with Li were significantly higher than those of rats treated with Dex/Li. Chronic Dex administration resulted in a significant increase in the density (B_max) of the 5-HT2A receptor without a significant change in the affinity (K_d). The increase in the B_max induced by Dex was not prevented by chronic combined treatment with Dex and Li. Chronic Dex administration potentiated the WDS, and this increase was prevented by chronic combined treatment with Dex and Li. Chronic Li administration did not have any effect on WDS. These results indicate that chronic Li administration may improve the supersensitivity of the 5-HT2A receptor elicited by chronic Dex administration without decreasing the density of the 5-HT2A receptor, and the effect of Li was also independent of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis function.

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Section: Plasma Lithium Levelssupporting

confidence: 78%

Effect of Lithium Carbonate on the Enhancement of Serotonin 2A Receptor Elicited by Dexamethasone

Jitsuiki¹,

Kagaya²,

Goto³

et al. 2000

Neuropsychobiology

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“…At this range, no (hypo-) manic or mixed recurrences, but seven depressive recurrences were observed. Accordingly, a non-parametric Van der Waerden test indicates that the Number of previous episodes (mean ± SD) 3.3 ± 2.3 GAF score (Kukopoulos et al, 1985) 79 ± 10 Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale, total score (mean ± SD) 0.6 ± 1.2 Bech-Rafaelsen Depression Scale, total score (mean ± SD) 2.1 ± 2.9…”

Section: Serum Lithium Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most cases, elevated lithium levels were found during depressive states and decreased levels during manic states (Kukopulos and Reginaldi, 1978;Kukopoulos et al, 1985). This phenomenon is usually attributed to the effect of manic and depressive states on the lithium levels (Kukopulos and Reginaldi, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Are serum lithium levels related to the polarity of recurrence in bipolar disorders?

Kleindienst

Severus²,

Greil³

2007

International Clinical Psychopharmacology

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The primary objective is to test whether the polarity of recurrence (depressive vs manic or mixed), is related to lithium levels. A total of 86 euthymic bipolar patients (DSM-IV) on lithium monotherapy were prospectively followed up for 2.5 years with regular monitoring of both lithium levels and psychopathology. The last lithium level during the free interval that preceded worsening of affective symptoms was related to polarity of symptoms. To account for effects of major confounders, results were corroborated by multivariate analysis. An intervention for manic or mixed symptomatology was required in 27 patients, whereas 22 patients were treated for depressive symptoms. Average lithium levels preceding reappearance of manic or mixed symptomatology were lower than levels preceding reappearance of depressive symptoms (0.53+/-0.13 vs 0.66+/-0.21 mmol/l, P=0.01). This result was confirmed using logistic regression analyses with type of index episode, diagnostic subtype and residual manic and depressive symptoms as covariates. The results indicate that manic or mixed recurrences might rather occur at lower lithium levels, whereas the depressive pole prevails in the higher range. If substantiated by further studies, this finding might indicate that higher lithium levels are needed to prevent manic episodes than to prevent depressive episodes.

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“…Koukopoulos and Maj) (Koukopoulos, Minnai, & M€ uller-Oerlinghausen, 1985;Maj, Arena, Lovero, Pirozzi, & Kemali, 1985) and major depression (e.g. Cassano) (Cassano et al, 1988).…”

Section: The Legacy Of Italian Psychiatrymentioning

confidence: 99%