The influence of longitudinal muscle fascicle growth on mechanical function

Hinks, Avery; Franchi, Martino V.; Power, Geoffrey A.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00114.2022

Cited by 29 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…These findings are in line with a recent review investigating the effect of actively induced changes in fascicle length on muscle mechanical function. Conclusive evidence for a relationship between fascicle length and shortening velocity seems lacking from the current literature 43 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Rate of force development relationships to muscle architecture and contractile behavior in the human vastus lateralis

Werkhausen

Gløersen²,

Nordez³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In this study, we tested the hypotheses that (i) rate of force development (RFD) is correlated to muscle architecture and dynamics and that (ii) force–length–velocity properties limit knee extensor RFD. Twenty-one healthy participants were tested using ultrasonography and dynamometry. Vastus lateralis optimal fascicle length, fascicle velocity, change in pennation angle, change in muscle length, architectural gear ratio, and force were measured during rapid fixed-end contractions at 60° knee angle to determine RFD. Isokinetic and isometric tests were used to estimate individual force–length–velocity properties, to evaluate force production relative to maximal potential. Correlation analyses were performed between force and muscle parameters for the first three 50 ms intervals. RFD was not related to optimal fascicle length for any measured time interval, but RFD was positively correlated to fascicle shortening velocity during all intervals (r = 0.49–0.69). Except for the first interval, RFD was also related to trigonometry-based changes in muscle length and pennation angle (r = 0.45–0.63) but not to architectural gear ratio. Participants reached their individual vastus lateralis force–length–velocity potential (i.e. their theoretical maximal force at a given length and shortening velocity) after 62 ± 24 ms. Our results confirm the theoretical importance of fascicle shortening velocity and force–length–velocity properties for rapid force production and suggest a role of fascicle rotation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Rate of force development relationships to muscle architecture and contractile behavior in the human vastus lateralis

Werkhausen

Gløersen²,

Nordez³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Such specialization is particularly important as the present study compared two exercises that present with Frontiers in Physiology frontiersin.org distinct movement kinetics and muscle loading patterns, even when similar external loads (% 1-RM) are lifted for the same repetitions, at similar speeds (Wallace et al, 2018). For instance, because CKC presents with greater loading during the portion of the exercise while the muscle is operating at long muscle lengths when compared to OKC, regions of the muscle that are specialized for these conditions, such as those with longer fascicle lengths will contribute greater to CKC than OKC (Hinks et al, 2022). Regarding intramuscular variations in fiber type, it is unlikely this factor contributed to the observed results as the relative intensity, training duration, and speed of movement were similar between conditions and there are no reports of significant functional compartmentalization within the QF that would indicate that some regions would be of a more prominent fiber type (Burkholder et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differing hypertrophy patterns from open and closed kinetic chain training affect quadriceps femoris center of mass and moment of inertia

Earp

Angelino²,

Hatfield³

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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Purpose: To determine whether kinetic chain pattern during knee extensor strength training influences quadriceps femoris center of mass and moment of inertia about the hip in a predictable manner as such changes can affect running economy.Methods: Twelve participants completed 8 weeks of both unilateral open (OKC) and closed (CKC) kinetic chain resistance training on opposing legs. Changes in quadriceps femoris muscle volume (VOLQF), center of mass location (CoMQF), and moment of inertia (IQF) about the hip were determined from magnetic resonance images scans. Regional hemodynamics of the vastus lateralis taken at 30% and 70% of muscle length during OKC and CKC bouts early in the training program were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and used post hoc to predict changes in CoMQF.Results: While increases in VOLQF were similar between OKC (Δ79.5 ± 87.9 cm3) and CKC (Δ60.2 ± 110.5 cm3, p = 0.29), the patterns of hypertrophy differed; a distal shift in CoMQF (Δ2.4 ± 0.4 cm, p < 0.001) and increase in IQF (Δ0.017 ± 0.014 kg m2, p < 0.001) occurred in OKC but not in CKC (CoMQF: Δ-2.2 ± 2.0 cm, IQF: Δ-0.022 ± 0.020 kg m2, p > 0.05). Regional hemodynamics assessed by NIRS during a single training session displayed similar exercise and regional differences and predicted 39.6% of observed changes in CoMQF.Conclusions: Exercise selection influences muscle shape sufficiently to affect CoMQF and IQF, and these changes may be predicted in part from NIRS measurements during a single workout. Given IQF is inversely related to running economy and since CKC exercise provides a more proximal pattern of hypertrophy than OKC, it may be more preferential for running. The results from the present study also highlight the potential of NIRS as a tool for predicting patterns of hypertrophy between different exercises and exercise conditions.

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“…Second, given that there may be longitudinal fascicle growth with ROMs reaching greater muscle lengths, it is conceivable that this longitudinal growth in response to training may reduce passive tension at long muscle lengths (10). Future research should consider the measurement of fascicle length and estimation of potential changes at ultrastructural levels (e.g., sarcomerogenesis or extension of existing sarcomeres) (10) in response to ROMs that stimulate the muscle at different lengths. Third, resistance exercises impose greater torque in different parts of the ROM (14,22,28), and therefore, in different muscle lengths, thus, it is necessary to conduct investigations on exercises with different strength curves such as ascending, descending, and bell-shaped.…”

Section: Quality Of Studies and Level Of Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, training with a greater ROM generally requires the muscle to produce force in a more elongated position (21). Depending on the mechanical characteristics of a muscle (e.g., if its fibers work on the ascending, plateau, or descending limb of the lengthtension curve), it may experience differential degrees of mechanical tension from active and passive elements (10,15), which in turn may affect the hypertrophic stimulus (41).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which ROMs Lead to Rome? A Systematic Review of the Effects of Range of Motion on Muscle Hypertrophy

Kassiano¹,

Costa²,

Nunes³

et al. 2023

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Kassiano, W, Costa, B, Nunes, JP, Ribeiro, AS, Schoenfeld, BJ, and Cyrino, ES. Which ROMs lead to Rome? a systematic review of the effects of range of motion on muscle hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1135-1144, 2022-Resistance exercise range of motion (ROM) influences muscular adaptations. However, there are no consistent practical guidelines about the optimal ROM for maximizing muscle hypertrophy. The objective of this article was to systematically review the literature for studies that compared the effects of full ROM (fROM) and partial ROM (pROM) on muscle hypertrophy. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify articles from the earliest record up to and including April 2022. We calculated the effect size (ES) scores of the variables of interest. Eleven studies were included in the review. Full ROM and pROM performed in the initial part of the ROM elicited greater muscle hypertrophy of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps brachii, and brachialis distal sites (between-groups ES: 0.20-0.90) than pROM performed in the final part of the ROM. fROM elicited greater muscle growth on the gluteus maximus and adductors than pROM in the final part of the ROM (between-groups ES: 0.24-0.25). Initial pROM produced more favorable proximal rectus femoris hypertrophy than fROM (between-groups ES: 0.35-0.38). pROM in the middle part of the ROM elicited greater triceps brachii hypertrophy than fROM (between-group ES: 1.21). In conclusion, evidence suggests that when training at a longer muscle length-through either pROM or fROM-some muscles, such as quadriceps femoris, biceps brachii, and triceps brachii, tend to experience optimal growth. Thus, the use pROM in the initial part of the excursion in combination with fROM training should be considered when prescribing hypertrophy-oriented resistance training programs.

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The influence of longitudinal muscle fascicle growth on mechanical function

Cited by 29 publications

References 138 publications

Rate of force development relationships to muscle architecture and contractile behavior in the human vastus lateralis

Rate of force development relationships to muscle architecture and contractile behavior in the human vastus lateralis

Differing hypertrophy patterns from open and closed kinetic chain training affect quadriceps femoris center of mass and moment of inertia

Which ROMs Lead to Rome? A Systematic Review of the Effects of Range of Motion on Muscle Hypertrophy

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