“…Copper sulphate (CuSO 4 ), a compound listed as a pesticide, is toxic to flies (Živanov-Čurlis et al , 2006; Alaraby, Hernández and Marcos, 2017; Balinski and Woodruff, 2017; Halmenschelager and da Rocha, 2019), and our unpublished data suggests that flies avoid it. Therefore, we decided to condition ~ 24 hour starved flies both in T-maze tubes and in training vials with 80 mM CuSO4 along with 200 mM arabinose, a sweet but not metabolisable sugar, as a carrier to promote ingestion of CuSO4.…”