The influence of local meteorological conditions on the circadian rhythm of corn (Zea mays L.) pollen emission

Hout, R. van; Chamecki, Marcelo; Brush, G.; Katz, J.; Parlange, Marc B.

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.06.003

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Another example relates to local variability in the regional or national statistics relating to parameter v, the uptake of maize 1507 by growers. Furthermore, parameter a, that reflects temporal coincidence between maize 1507 pollen deposition and sensitive lepidopteran larval stages may be more variable after maize 1507 commercialisation because it will be integrated into several different commercial maize varieties, resulting in a range of flowering dates, and thus increasing temporal variability in exposure to the Cry1F protein (Van Hout et al, 2008). However, the EFSA GMO Panel has allowed for these and other sources of large-scale parameter variability by giving recommendations for a range of values of R, the parameter that is the product of all five large-scale parameters.…”

Section: Outcomes Of Mitigation Using Sown Areas Of Non-bt-maizementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion updating the evaluation of the environmental risk assessment and risk management recommendations on insect resistant genetically modified maize 1507 for cultivation

2011

EFS2

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In this Scientific Opinion, the EFSA GMO Panel supplements its previous evaluations of the potential impact of maize 1507 cultivation on a range of non‐target lepidopteran species using existing data on species susceptibility and considering various scenarios of exposure which may occur across Europe. The mathematical model, developed for maize MON 810, was recalibrated and extended to estimate the efficacy of certain mitigation measures. In situations where highly sensitive non‐target Lepidoptera populations might be at risk, the EFSA GMO Panel recommends that mitigation measures are adopted to reduce exposure. Risk managers are provided with tools to estimate global and, where needed local, mortality of exposed non‐target Lepidoptera, both before and after different mitigation measures are put in place, and for different host‐plant densities. Mitigation measures are only needed when the proportion of maize and uptake of maize 1507 are sufficiently high, regardless of the other parameters. If maize 1507 cultivation remains below 5% of the Utilized Agricultural Area, then risk mitigation measures are not required. In addition, the EFSA GMO Panel recommends case‐specific monitoring to assess the efficacy of risk mitigation measures put in place to reduce levels of risk and scientific uncertainty for (1) the possible resistance evolution to the Cry1F protein in target pests, and (2) the risk to sensitive non‐target Lepidoptera from maize 1507 pollen. The EFSA GMO Panel also considers that the plan for general surveillance, and in particular the methodology, needs further details according to the requirements of its 2011 Guidance Document on post‐market environmental monitoring of generically modified plants, as well as its Scientific Opinion on the annual 2009 monitoring report on maize MON 810. The EFSA GMO Panel concludes that, subject to appropriate management measures, maize 1507 cultivation is unlikely to raise safety concerns for the environment.

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Section: Outcomes Of Mitigation Using Sown Areas Of Non-bt-maizementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion updating the evaluation of the environmental risk assessment and risk management recommendations on insect resistant genetically modified maize 1507 for cultivation

2011

EFS2

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“…Once an anther has lost suffi cient moisture, the structure opens at its tip, releasing the mature pollen grains within (Keijzer et al, 1996). Previous studies have suggested that the mechanism for anther recruitment could be modeled as a function of vapor pressure ( Jarosz et al, 2005) or solar radiation (van Hout et al, 2008).…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using data collected from a 2004 fi eld study and the controlled experiments, we developed an empirical model that simulates the diurnal pattern of pollen shed by predicting the fraction of the total daily amount of pollen shed during a time interval. A 2003 fi eld experiment and published results from van Hout et al (2008) were used to validate the model. Our goal is to predict the general trend of pollen shed under a variety of weather conditions.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Published results from van Hout et al (2008) were used in addition to our own fi eld data for model validation. Their study measured the concentration of pollen grains captured by rotorod samplers at four heights between z/h = 1 and z/h = 2, where z is the height of the rotorod sampler and h is the height of the canopy, at 1 h intervals between 0600 LDT and 1200 LDT and at 2 h intervals between 1200 LDT and 1800 LDT.…”

Section: Other Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies examined both the presence of light and the drying of the atmosphere as necessary for pollen shed (Jarosz et al, 2005;van Hout et al, 2008). To test whether these conditions were necessary for shed, we monitored pollen shed from anthers maintained in a saturated atmosphere and in the dark.…”

Section: Controlled Experiments Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Model to Predict Diurnal Pollen Shed in Maize

2010

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We have developed a mathematical model to predict the diurnal pattern of maize (Zea mays L.) pollen shed on the basis of local meteorological conditions. Our goal is to improve simulations of maize pollen dispersion that have typically released pollen at a constant rate in contrast with measurements of pollen shed that show diurnal variation in the rate of shed. Measurements coupling pollen shed and local meteorological variables were made during controlled experiments and a 2004 fi eld experiment to examine the infl uence of meteorological conditions on pollen shed. From these data, a model was developed to predict the diurnal pattern of pollen shed as a function of vapor pressure defi cit, solar radiation, temperature, and the amount of pollen remaining to be shed. The model was validated by predicting the rate of pollen shed, normalized by the daily total of pollen shed, that occurred hourly for days during a 2003 fi eld study (RMSE = 0.061 h -1 ) and results from van Hout et al. (2008; RMSE = 0.089 h -1 ). The model captured the general trend of pollen shed and predicted the time of peak shed within an hour of the measured peak on most days. The model, however, tended to underpredict the magnitude of the normalized peak rate of shed and did not account for secondary peaks in pollen shed that were occasionally observed. Thus, future model refi nements will depend on identifying additional biological or environmental factors that impact the instantaneous rate of pollen shed.Abbreviations: FoD, fraction of drying; LDT, local daylight time; LoR, length of recruitment time; RoS, rate of shed; VPD, vapor pressure defi cit; VPDT, accumulated vapor pressure defi cit over time.

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Wind‐mediated horseweed (Conyza canadensis) gene flow: pollen emission, dispersion, and deposition

Huang

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) is a problem weed in crop production because of its evolved resistance to glyphosate and other herbicides. Although horseweed is mainly self-pollinating, glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed can pollinate glyphosate-susceptible (GS) horseweed. To the best of our knowledge, however, there are no available data on horseweed pollen production, dispersion, and deposition relative to gene flow and the evolution of resistance. To help fill this knowledge gap, a 43-day field study was performed in Champaign, Illinois, USA in 2013 to characterize horseweed atmospheric pollen emission, dispersion, and deposition. Pollen concentration and deposition, coupled with atmospheric data, were measured in a source field (180 m by 46 m) and its surrounding areas up to 1 km downwind horizontally and up to 100 m vertically. The source strength (emission rate) ranged from 0 to 140 pollen grains per plant per second (1170 to 2.1×106 per plant per day). For the life of the study, the estimated number of pollen grains generated from this source field was 10.5×1010 (2.3×106 per plant). The release of horseweed pollen was not strongly correlated to meteorological data and may be mainly determined by horseweed physiology. Horseweed pollen reached heights of 80 to100 m, making long-distance transport possible. Normalized (by source data) pollen deposition with distance followed a negative-power exponential curve. Normalized pollen deposition was 2.5% even at 480 m downwind from the source edge. Correlation analysis showed that close to or inside the source field at lower heights (≤3 m) vertical transport was related to vertical wind speed, while horizontal pollen transport was related to horizontal wind speed. High relative humidity prevented pollen transport at greater heights (3–100 m) and longer distances (0–1000 m) from the source. This study can contribute to the understanding of how herbicide-resistance weeds or invasive plants affect ecology through wind-mediated pollination and invasion.

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The influence of local meteorological conditions on the circadian rhythm of corn (Zea mays L.) pollen emission

Abstract: a g r i c u l t u r a l a n d f o r e s t m e t e o r o l o g y 1 4 8 ( 2 0 0 8 ) 1 0 7 8 -1 0 9 2 a r t i c l e i n f o

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Scientific Opinion updating the evaluation of the environmental risk assessment and risk management recommendations on insect resistant genetically modified maize 1507 for cultivation

Scientific Opinion updating the evaluation of the environmental risk assessment and risk management recommendations on insect resistant genetically modified maize 1507 for cultivation

A Model to Predict Diurnal Pollen Shed in Maize

Wind‐mediated horseweed (Conyza canadensis) gene flow: pollen emission, dispersion, and deposition

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