“…After reviewing previous literature, we propose an empirical model that demonstrates how different macroeconomic elements could influence Vietnam's progress in the MHM sector, measured by the medium-and high-tech manufacturing value added share of the total manufacturing value added (World Bank, 2022). The macroeconomic components we have identified include digitalization (Atasoy, 2021), trade liberalization (Khobai & Moyo, 2021;Ogu et al, 2016), financial development (Li et al, 2020;Luo et al, 2021), foreign direct investment (Azolibe, 2021;Bakirci et al, 2017;Bayar et al, 2020), and human capital (Anwar, 2008;Chen & Chien, 2011;Mignamissi & Nguekeng, 2022).…”