The influence of landmark stability on control by occasion setters

Cleland, Lauren; Ruprecht, Chad M.; Lee, Ronnie V.; Leising, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2017.01.005

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…More important, despite the differences in absolute amounts of transfer obtained, Bonardi’s, Holland’s, and Rescorla’s (e.g., Rescorla, 1991a, 1991b) data fall on the same continuum: little or no transfer after training in a single occasion setting task, more (but seldom complete) transfer across targets of other occasion setters, and even after subjects are trained on multiple occasion setting tasks, little or no transfer to separately trained targets (e.g., Bonardi, 1998; Bonardi & Hall, 1994). This general pattern is found in many conditioning preparations and species (e.g., Baeyens et al, 2004; Cleland, Ruprecht, Lee, & Leising, 2017; Leising et al, 2015; Roper, Chaponis, & Blaisdell, 2005; Skinner et al, 1998).…”

Section: Content Of Learning In Occasion Settingmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…More important, despite the differences in absolute amounts of transfer obtained, Bonardi's, Holland's, andRescorla's (e.g., Rescorla, 1991a, 1991b) data fall on the same continuum: little or no transfer after training in a single occasion setting task, more (but seldom complete) transfer across targets of other occasion setters, and even after subjects are trained on multiple occasion setting tasks, little or no transfer to separately trained targets (e.g., Bonardi, 1998;Bonardi & Hall, 1994). This general pattern is found in many conditioning preparations and species (e.g., Baeyens et al, 2004;Cleland, Ruprecht, Lee, & Leising, 2017;Leising et al, 2015;Roper, Chaponis, & Blaisdell, 2005;Skinner et al, 1998). Holland (1992;Lamarre & Holland, 1987) concluded that whereas training of a single occasion setting discrimination would establish modulatory links between the feature and the target-US unit (as in Figure 1B and 1D), training of multiple discriminations, with comparable treatment of multiple features and targets, might encourage a more global representation.…”

Section: Cs-and Us-specificity Of Occasion Settingmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Occasion setting.

Fraser¹,

Holland²

2019

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Occasion setting refers to the ability of 1 stimulus, an occasion setter, to modulate the efficacy of the association between another, conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) or reinforcer. Occasion setters and simple CSs are readily distinguished. For example, occasion setters are relatively immune to extinction and counterconditioning, and their combination and transfer functions differ substantially from those of simple CSs. Similarly, the acquisition of occasion setting is favored when stimuli are separated by longer intervals, by empty trace intervals, and are of different modalities, whereas the opposite conditions typically favor the acquisition of simple associations. Furthermore, the simple conditioning and occasion setting properties of a single stimulus can be independent, for example, that stimulus may simultaneously predict the occurrence of a reinforcer and indicate that another stimulus will not be reinforced. Many behavioral phenomena that are intractable to simple associative analysis are better understood within an occasion setting framework. Besides capturing the distinction between direct and modulatory control common to many arenas in neuroscience, occasion setting provides a model for the hierarchical organization of memory for events and event relations, and for contextual control more broadly. Although early lesion studies further differentiated between occasion setting and simple conditioning functions, little is known about the neurobiology of occasion setting. Modern techniques for precise manipulation and monitoring of neuronal activity in multiple brain regions are ideally suited for disentangling contributions of simple conditioning and occasion setting in associative learning.

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