The Influence of Internal Heat Exchanger on the Performance of Transcritical CO2 Water Source Heat Pump Water Heater

Abstract

The characteristics of the transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater (HPWH) system are; a lower inlet hot water temperature (Ti-hw) (sometimes this is lower than the water source temperature), and an outlet gas cooler temperature (To-gc) which is affected by the Ti-hw and often lower than the critical temperature. In order to study the effects of the internal heat exchanger (IHX) on the operational performance of the transcritical CO2 HPWH when To-gc is low, a transcritical CO2 water source HPWH experiment platform is established to conduct experimental research and comparative analysis on the operational performance of the transcritical CO2 water source HPWH, with or without IHX. It is found that, if only the coefficient of performance (COP) and heating at the optimal exhaust pressure of the transcritical CO2 water source HPWH were considered, COP and the heating of the non-IHX system would be slightly higher than those of the IHX system at the lower hot water flow and water source temperature, and this increase was not obvious. At the higher hot water flow rate and water source temperature, COP and the heating of the non-IHX system were also higher than those of the IHX system, and the increase was obvious. The experiment results showed that, near the optimal exhaust pressure, the variation range of COP and heating of the IHX system is relatively small, and the system has a relatively high stability.

Visualization and Measurement of Swirling Flow of Dry Ice Particles in Cyclone Separator-Sublimator

“…Against this background, in recent years, the importance of using natural refrigerants, which do not affect ozone layer depletion and have a small impact on global warming compared to HFC refrigerants, has been increasing [5,6]. Among natural refrigerants, CO 2 is one of the promising environmentally friendly refrigerants because of its superior properties such as low global warming potential, zeroozone depletion potential, non-toxicity, non-flammability, and inertness [7][8][9][10]. In addition, CO 2 has excellent heat transfer properties with a volumetric capacity of three to four times greater than other refrigerants used in the market [11], such as chlorofluorocarbon and HFC.…”