The influence of initial conditions on the propagation of smouldering fires in dust accumulations

Krause, Ulrich; Schmidt, Martin

doi:10.1016/s0950-4230(01)00039-0

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…The effect of sample size on the smouldering ignition of dusts has been studied by Krause and Schmidt [11,12] and Schmidt et al [13]. These investigations used hot particles [11] or elevated ambient temperatures [12,13] to initiate the smouldering reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiant Ignition of Polyurethane Foam: The Effect of Sample Size

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Although smouldering ignition of upholstery items remains a leading cause of residential fire deaths, relatively little research is conducted on the topic. An experimental investigation of the effect of sample size on the ignition and spread of smouldering and flaming in polyurethane foam under natural flow conditions is reported here. Polyurethane foam samples are used because this is a common material in modern, residential environments and one for which there exists significant quantities of previous experimental data in the literature. Samples of different square cross-section size and a fixed height of 150 mm are insulated on all sides except the top which is exposed to a radiant heat flux and is open to the air. Samples with side lengths of 50 mm, 100 mm, and 140 mm are studied. Ignition and spread dynamics are diagnosed using thirteen thermocouples located along the vertical centre line. The onset of smouldering ignition (13 kW m À2 , 8 kW m À2 and 7 kW m À2 for 50 mm, 100 mm and 140 mm sample sizes respectively) is observed at significantly lower heat fluxes that flaming (45 kW m À2 , 32 kWm À2 and 30 kW m À2 respectively). Critical heat fluxes for smouldering and flaming ignition increase with decreasing sample size, with smouldering ignition being significantly more sensitive to sample size than flaming ignition under the size range studied. Smouldering spread rates are measured in the range from 3 mm min À1 to 25 mm min À1 and found to be a strong function of the heat flux and depth of the smoulder front. The effect of sample size on smouldering has been theoretically proposed before but this is the first time that this effect has been demonstrated experimentally for ignition. The fact that large samples result in the lowest critical heat flux could have implications for testing procedures and translation of results from small-scale testing to real-scale in the built environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These investigations used hot particles [11] or elevated ambient temperatures [12,13] to initiate the smouldering reaction. Ignition of larger sample sizes is found to require lower critical ambient temperatures than smaller sizes due to the reduced heat losses from the reaction front.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiant Ignition of Polyurethane Foam: The Effect of Sample Size

et al. 2012

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“…Previously, much experimental and theoretical effort [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] has been devoted to this area. In particular, theoretical research has been of a major focus, aiming at development of theoretical tools for prediction of spontaneous ignition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calculation with consideration of moisture was reported in [5,6] to study spontaneous ignition of coal stockpile. A three dimensional diffusion model was presented in [7,8] to study spontaneous ignition in dust accumulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation Of CFD Model For Simulation Of Spontaneous Ignition In Bio-mass Fuel Storage

Yan¹,

Blomqvist

Göransson

et al. 2005

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Eigth International Sy

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Both numerical simulations and experimental measurements of small scale spontaneous ignition with different biomass fuels have been performed. In the experiments, temperature history was monitored at five different locations inside the fuel bed. The measured temperature history was used for validation of comprehensive threedimensional computer simulations which were carried out using a parallel finite volume CFD code SMAFS (Smoke Movement and Flame Spread) developed by the first author.The computation was based on numerical solution of a set of governing equations including the continuity equation, extended Darcy momentum equations, energy conservation equations for both gas and solid phases, and mass conservation equations for different chemical species. Consideration was given to a series of essential physical and chemical processes, including convection and diffusion in porous media, evaporation, condensation and heat generation which is mainly due to chemical oxidation. With reliable material properties input data provided by separate measurements, it simulated the temporal state evolution inside the biomass fuel storage. Numerical results were compared with experimental measurements, showing excellent agreement.

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“…These two antagonistic effects finally cause an increase on the explosion severity when increasing the initial temperature [58], effect that is also caused by an increase of initial pressure [59,60]. Additionally, when the temperature of the material is higher, smouldering processes start easily and occur quicker [61].…”

Section: Initial Temperature and Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the flammability properties of solid fuels

Áñez¹,

Nieves²

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The influence of initial conditions on the propagation of smouldering fires in dust accumulations

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Radiant Ignition of Polyurethane Foam: The Effect of Sample Size

Radiant Ignition of Polyurethane Foam: The Effect of Sample Size

Validation Of CFD Model For Simulation Of Spontaneous Ignition In Bio-mass Fuel Storage

Analysis of the flammability properties of solid fuels

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