The influence of inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the autonomic nervous system

Zheng, Weihui; McKinney, Walter; Kashon, Michael L.; Salmen, Rebecca; Castranova, Vincent; Kan, Hong

doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0119-7

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The inhalation exposure of CNTs induced malignant mesothelioma in animal studies 3) , suggesting that CNTs may pose hazards similar to asbestos. Damage to other organs due to pulmonary exposure to CNTs has also been reported in animal studies 4,5) . Some studies have reported that maternal exposure to CNTs may induce developmental toxicity, such as teratogenicity 6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Review of toxicity studies of carbon nanotubes

Kobayashi

Izumi

Morimoto

2017

Journal of Occupational Health

256

151

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Objective: We reviewed studies on pulmonary, reproductive, and developmental toxicity caused by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In paricular, we analyzed how CNT exposure affects the several processes of pulmonary toxicity, including inflammation, injury, fibrosis, and pulmonary tumors. Methods: In pulmonary toxicity, there are various processes, including inflammation, injury, fibrosis, respiratory tumor in the lungs, and biopersistence of CNTs and genotoxicity as tumor-related factors, to develop the respiratory tumor. We evaluated the evidence for the carcinogenicity of CNTs in each process. In the fields of reproductive and developmental toxicity, studies of CNTs have been conducted mainly with mice. We summarized the findings of reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of CNTs. Results: In animal studies, exposure to CNTs induced sustained inflammation, fibrosis, lung cancer following long-term inhalation, and gene damage in the lung. CNTs also showed high biopersistence in animal studies. Fetal malformations after intravenous and intraperitoneal injections and intratracheal instillation, fetal loss after intravenous injection, behavioral changes in offsprings after intraperitoneal injection, and a delay in the delivery of the first litter after intratracheal instillation were reported in mice-administered multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) appeared to be embryolethal and teratogenic in mice when given by intravenous injection; moreover, the tubes induced death and growth retardation in chicken embryos. Conclusion: CNTs are considered to have carcinogenicity and can cause lung tumors. However, the carcinogenicity of CNTs may attenuate if the fiber length is shorter. The available data provide initial information on the potential reproductive and developmental toxicity of CNTs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Review of toxicity studies of carbon nanotubes

Kobayashi

Izumi

Morimoto

2017

Journal of Occupational Health

256

151

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“…With the recent advent of nanotechnology there are no human studies identifying ENM induced cardiac functional deficiencies. Functional analyses following animal exposures to MWCNT and nano-TiO 2 are limited but suggest disturbances(34,91). Following nano-TiO 2 exposure our results emulate these studies identifying diastolic dysfunction, but in our study we utilized speckle-tracking based echocardiography as a sensitive marker of cardiac function.…”

supporting

confidence: 59%

“…Studies in both murine and human models have identified pro-inflammatory markers in the circulation of exposed subjects, providing evidence that a pulmonary insult may stimulate a systemic inflammatory response (7,69,131,139,145,170,179,181) which may contribute to downstream cardiovascular effects (115, 120). Data also exists suggesting particulate translocation from the lung to the affected tissues (46,91,123,124,164). Pulmonary exposure damages lung epithelium, increasing permeability and enabling particle penetration from the gaseous exchange region leading to escape into the circulation with subsequent impact on extrapulmonary tissues (117, 152).…”

Section: 2b Extrapulmonary Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac and Mitochondrial Impacts of Acute Pulmonary Xenobiotic Exposure

Nichols¹

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With every breath, we breathe in foreign materials, xenobiotic particles, which once inside these particles can interact with our tissues and influence the systems within. Airborne xenobiotic particles classically refer to ambient particulate matter (PM), but with technological advancement and the flourishing of nanotechnology, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have become entwined in the definition. Because the term xenobiotic particles encompasses particles with a broad range of size, shapes and chemical composition, definition of the properties that induce toxicity can be difficult, yet crucial to understand and predicting which of these characteristics is capable of inducing toxicity. This concept is crucial as nanotechnology moves forward and continues to introduce particles with new, unique properties. Beginning to identify the health impacts of xenobiotic particles it is important to consider ambient air pollution and the solid fraction of this mixture, particulate matter (PM). PM itself is a non-uniform, composite particle containing particles ranging in size and chemical composition. Further, PM composition can vary throughout the US and has been shown to differentially affect cardiovascular susceptibilities and outcomes. Within the Appalachian region, coal is a multi-billion dollar industry and comes in two forms: underground and surface mining. Surface mining is growing throughout the region due to its less labor-intensive methods, which employs large machinery to remove the soil and rock from on top of mineral deposits. One form of surface mining utilizes explosives to remove this overburden, mountaintop removal mining (MTM). Even though the mining companies attempt to abate fugitive dust, the populations surrounding these mining operations have a higher incidence of chronic cardiovascular disease mortality rates. This suggests that the PM created by MTM (PM MTM) may induce cardiac stress leading to cardiovascular disease. Nanotechnology is rapidly growing into a multi-billion dollar industry and is already incorporated into consumer products including everything from sporting equipment and food storage to personal care products and biomedical applications. With the rapid growth of nanotechnology, the toxicological impact of the ENMs driving expansion cannot keep pace with the advancement. Nano-sized particles differ in their physicochemical properties as compared to their micron-sized counterparts and while these properties imbue them with the novel applications driving nanotechnology, they may also be driving toxicological impacts. ENMs are carefully and methodically produced in particles of varying size, shape and chemical composition to accomplish different consumer-based end-products. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are a rapidly growing ENM with uniquely strong and electrical properties making it useful in everything from sporting equipment to electronics. Titanium dioxide (nano-TiO 2) is a relatively inert ENM widely used as a photocatalyst and pigment in paints and personal care products. ...

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“…Although the recent emphasis on occupational exposure to nanomaterials has focused more on lung disease and carcinogenesis and less on the cardiovascular system, evidence from epidemiological and recent animal studies strongly indicate that pulmonary exposure to nanomaterials can affect the cardiovascular system by nanoparticle-induced inflammation, translocation, and/or neuron regulation [ 6 – 9 ]. Our studies have found that nanoparticles from ultrafine titanium dioxide (UFTiO 2 ) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), at doses that cause a minor acute inflammatory reaction in the lung, can transiently increase neurotransmitter synthesis in the peripheral neurons [ 8 ] and lead to the alterations in the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) [ 10 ]. In addition, we also reported previously that direct exposure of isolated cardiomyocytes to UFTiO 2 did not alter biological activity of cardiomyocytes [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes on blood pressure and cardiac function

et al. 2018

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BackgroundHeart rate variability (HRV) as a marker reflects the activity of the autonomic nervous system. The prognostic significance of HRV for cardiovascular disease has been reported in clinical and epidemiological studies. Our laboratory has reported alterations in rat heart rate variability (HRV) due to increasing activity of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system after pulmonary exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This suggests that pulmonary inhalation of engineered nanoparticles (ENs) may lead to functional changes in the cardiovascular system. The present study further investigated the effects of inhaled MWCNTs on the cardiovascular system and evaluated the correlation between the alterations in HRV and changes in cardiovascular function.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-implanted with a telemetry device and exposed by inhalation to MWCNTs for 5 h at a concentration of 5 mg/m3. The electrocardiogram (EKG) and blood pressure were recorded in real time by the telemetry system at pre-exposure, during exposure, and 1 and 7 days post-exposure. In vivo cardiac functional performance in response to dobutamine was determined by a computerized pressure-volume loop system.ResultsInhalation of MWCNTs significantly increased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and decreased heart rate in awake freely moving rat. Additionally, inhalation of MWCNTs also reduced cardiac stroke work, stroke volume, and output in response to dobutamine in anesthetized rats.ConclusionsInhalation of MWCNTs altered cardiovascular performance, which was associated with MWCNT exposure-induced alterations in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These findings suggest the need to further investigate the cardiovascular effects of inhaled MWCNTs.

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The influence of inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the autonomic nervous system

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Review of toxicity studies of carbon nanotubes

Review of toxicity studies of carbon nanotubes

Cardiac and Mitochondrial Impacts of Acute Pulmonary Xenobiotic Exposure

The effects of inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes on blood pressure and cardiac function

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