The Influence of Implicit Bias on Treatment Recommendations for 4 Common Pediatric Conditions: Pain, Urinary Tract Infection, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Asthma

Sabin, Janice A.; Greenwald, Anthony G.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300621

Cited by 434 publications

(360 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Green and colleagues 45 found that resident clinicians with greater implicit bias were less likely to recommend thrombolytic therapy for a hypothetical black patient with myocardial infarction, but this did not occur when the patient was described as white. On the other hand, research on pediatric decision making 49,50 showed that some hypothetical decisions were associated with implicit bias but others were not. However, a study 51 with medical students failed to find any relation between clinical decisions in the hypothetical scenarios and the students' implicit bias.…”

Section: Race/ethnicity Racism and Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Determinants of Risk and Outcomes for Cardiovascular Disease

Havranek¹,

Mujahid²,

Barr³

et al. 2015

Circulation

1,109

732

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Section: Race/ethnicity Racism and Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Determinants of Risk and Outcomes for Cardiovascular Disease

Havranek¹,

Mujahid²,

Barr³

et al. 2015

Circulation

1,109

732

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…39 The Implicit Association Test is an indirect measure of implicit social cognition or prejudice, including among clinicians. [49][50][51][52] It is a computer-based reaction measure of the relative strength between positive and negative associations toward one social group compared with another. Clinician implicit bias has been associated with physician treatment recommendations and patient-rated quality of medical visit communication and care.…”

Section: Racial and Other Forms Of Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinician implicit bias has been associated with physician treatment recommendations and patient-rated quality of medical visit communication and care. 51,52 Such a tool may be useful to researchers studying mechanisms through which discrimination and stress affect health throughout the life span.…”

Section: Racial and Other Forms Of Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status in Research on Child Health

Goodman¹,

Cheng²,

Bogue³

et al. 2015

Pediatrics

177

119

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An extensive literature documents the existence of pervasive and persistent child health, development, and health care disparities by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES). Disparities experienced during childhood can result in a wide variety of health and health care outcomes, including adult morbidity and mortality, indicating that it is crucial to examine the influence of disparities across the life course. Studies often collect data on the race, ethnicity, and SES of research participants to be used as covariates or explanatory factors. In the past, these variables have often been assumed to exert their effects through individual or genetically determined biologic mechanisms. However, it is now widely accepted that these variables have important social dimensions that influence health. SES, a multidimensional construct, interacts with and confounds analyses of race and ethnicity. Because SES, race, and ethnicity are often difficult to measure accurately, leading to the potential for misattribution of causality, thoughtful consideration should be given to appropriate measurement, analysis, and interpretation of such factors. Scientists who study child and adolescent health and development should understand the multiple measures used to assess race, ethnicity, and SES, including their validity and shortcomings and potential confounding of race and ethnicity with SES. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that research on eliminating health and health care disparities related to race, ethnicity, and SES be a priority. Data on race, ethnicity, and SES should be collected in research on child health to improve their definitions and increase understanding of how these factors and their complex interrelationships affect child health. Furthermore, the AAP believes that researchers should consider both biological and social mechanisms of action of race, ethnicity, and SES as they relate to the aims and hypothesis of the specific area of investigation. It is important to measure these variables, but it is not sufficient to use these variables alone as explanatory for differences in disease, morbidity, and outcomes without attention to the social and biologic influences they have on health throughout the life course. The AAP recommends more research, both in the United States and internationally, on measures of race, ethnicity, and SES and how these complex constructs affect health care and health outcomes throughout the life course.

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“…The study of unconscious cognition has grown in importance and more and more fields became interested in its many facets, such as knowledge management (e.g., Bennet & Bennet, 2008), education (e.g., ECU, 2013;Sun, Mathews, & Lane, 2007), medical care (e.g., Sabin & Greenwald, 2012), consumer behavior (e.g., Dijksterhuis et al, 2005), the law (e.g., Casey et al, 2012), artificial intelligence (e.g., Schank, 2009), and even finance (e.g., Taffler & Tuckett, 2010). However, it has also become more complex, namely with respect to dissociation, of which there is today a plethora of paradigms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lost in dissociation: The main paradigms in unconscious cognition

Augusto

2016

Consciousness and Cognition

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Contemporary studies in unconscious cognition are essentially founded on dissociation, i.e., on how it dissociates with respect to conscious mental processes and representations. This is claimed to be in so many and diverse ways that one is often lost in dissociation. In order to reduce this state of confusion we here carry out two major tasks: based on the central distinction between cognitive processes and representations, we identify and isolate the main dissociation paradigms; we then critically analyze their key tenets and reported findings.

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The Influence of Implicit Bias on Treatment Recommendations for 4 Common Pediatric Conditions: Pain, Urinary Tract Infection, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Asthma

Abstract: Pediatricians' implicit attitudes about race affect pain management. There is a need to better understand the influence of physicians' unconscious beliefs about race on pain and other areas of care.

Cited by 434 publications

References 43 publications

Social Determinants of Risk and Outcomes for Cardiovascular Disease

Social Determinants of Risk and Outcomes for Cardiovascular Disease

Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status in Research on Child Health

Lost in dissociation: The main paradigms in unconscious cognition

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