“…There are two cells which are not symmetrical and slightly biased toward dawn, as a consequence of the IMF By>0, (e.g., Russell, 1972;Cowley, 1981;Reiff and Burch, 1985;Cowley and Lockwood, 1992;Huang et al, 2000;Milan et al, 2000;Chisham et al, 2004). The bright spot in the premidnight sectors is associated with relatively strong eastward flows, similar to these reported by Senior et al (2002), Grocott et al (2003Grocott et al ( , 2004, and Walker et al (1998). Such flows are usually observed during episodes of magnetotail reconnection happening during extended intervals of northward IMF but with no evidence of substorm activity.…”