The influence of hydration and bladder distension on the sonographic diagnosis of hydronephrosis

Morin, M; Baker, D. A.

doi:10.1002/jcu.1870070306

Cited by 49 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…All children with hydronephrosis were asked to empty their bladders and were re-examined to avoid misinterpretation of physiologic findings. 11 Staging of urinary tract pathology is shown in Table 1. Any pathology of the ureter and kidneys, referred to as upper urinary tract lesions, is the result of obstruction due to spacefilling lesions in the trigone area of the bladder or in the ureters.…”

Section: Study Population and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Schistosoma haematobium-related pathology over 24 months after treatment with praziquantel among school children in southeastern Tanzania.

Hatz¹,

Vennervald²,

Nkulila³

et al. 1998

Am J Trop Med Hyg

109

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Abstract. Little is known about the dynamics of pathology due to schistosomiasis following treatment. Public health authorities in endemic areas require such information to decide on the timing of treatment and re-treatment schedules. A study to assess the rate of clearance and reappearance of pathologic lesions due to Schistosoma haematobium using ultrasound has now been carried out in two schools in southeastern Tanzania, an area of moderateto-high transmission. Baseline data collection found urinary tract pathology in 67% of 533 children. Lesions of the bladder were significantly associated with egg positivity and microhematuria. The attributable fraction estimate of major bladder lesions due to S. haematobium was 75%. In a cohort study, 224 infected children were examined by ultrasound and then treated with a standard dose of 40 mg of praziquantel/kg of body weight. They were re-examined at two, four, six, 12, 18, and 24 months after treatment. Before treatment, 76% had pathologic lesions of the urinary tract. The proportion showing lesions decreased sharply during the first months after treatment to 11% at six months. At 24 months, lesions were detected in 57%, and 11% had developed new severe pathology. In 18 cases, pathology was present throughout, and 34 did not show any pathology throughout the study. This study provides the first detailed report on the evolution of urinary tract pathology due to S. haematobium infections at the community level. The results will help in making decisions on treatment and re-treatment schedules and more generally will provide a basis for designing control strategies in areas of moderate-to-high transmission.Various measures are used to assess infection and pathology due to Schistosoma haematobium.1 Egg counts are the standard indirect morbidity parameter measuring infection. Hematuria detected by reagent strips is another indirect measurement of urinary tract lesions in S. haematobium infections. Currently, schistosomiasis control programs in endemic areas aim at reducing morbidity in the population, 2 so it is important to document the prevalence of pathologic lesions before and after interventions. Ultrasound scanning of the urinary tract provides visible evidence of pathology. It is a safe tool that can be used in the field and is reliable, especially in detecting significant pathology. 3 The dynamics of clearance of pathologic lesions within six months after effective treatment with praziquantel in areas of mild-to-moderate transmission have been documented by Hatz and others using ultrasound. 4 Little is known about the dynamics of pathology after clearance in areas with continuous re-exposure. Such information is clearly required to reach informed decisions on treatment and re-treatment schedules. Based on previous experience in the same area, 4 the present study was designed to assess the evolution of pathology after treatment, and the severity and the incidence of reappearance of lesions due to S. haematobium in an area of moderate-to-high transmission over a peri...

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Section: Study Population and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Schistosoma haematobium-related pathology over 24 months after treatment with praziquantel among school children in southeastern Tanzania.

Hatz¹,

Vennervald²,

Nkulila³

et al. 1998

Am J Trop Med Hyg

109

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“…Kappa agreement statistical analysis between renal US and DMSA scan for the evaluation of hydronephrosis of right and left kidney showed fair agreement (Table 6). US is most reliable for the diagnosis of hydronephrosis (15). DMSA renal scan showed enlarged kidney with nonhomogenous cortical tracer uptake with central or medial photon deficient areas in case of hydronephrosis (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Agreement between 99mTc-DMSA Renal Scan and Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Renal Pathology in Children with Recurrent urinary tract infection

Jahan

Begum

Parveen

et al. 2017

Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med.

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Imaging of urinary tract plays a very important role in children with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI).Various imaging techniques are used and the imaging protocol in children with UTI continues to be a subject of debate. Most authors recommended combination of imaging. The children with recurrent urine infection may be at increased risk of renal parenchymal scarring, hypertension, impaired renal function and end stage renal disease. But early diagnosis and timely proper treatment has an excellent prognosis. 99m-Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scan and Ultrasonography (US) are routinely performed studies in children with recurrent UTI. If there is agreement between these two investigation procedures, they will be interchangeable, which will benefit the patient by one procedure instead of two. This will be less time consuming and cost effective. The overall accuracy of US for the evaluation of focal scarring of right and left kidney were 89.4% and 78.8% respectively. For the evaluation of diffuse scarring the overall accuracy of US were 92.9% and 97.6% for the right and left kidney respectively. Therefore, in the evaluation of renal scarring the accuracy of US was underestimated by using DMSA scan as a gold standard.In the evaluation of kidney size, position and presence of hydronephrosis, both DMSA and US can be interchangeable. Whereas DMSA was underestimated comparing to US in the evaluation of mild pelvicaliceal dilatation. On the other hand DMSA renal scan is more sensitive and specific for detecting cortical scaring compared to the US. In light of present study, both DMSA scan and US are recommended in the combination for complete evaluation of renal abnormalities in recurrent UTI.

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“…3 We examined the 24-hr urine output of our patients on the day of examination to see whether this might explain some cases of marked distention of the PCS. Poor correlation was obtained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical significance of dilatation of the collecting system in the transplanted kidney

Balchunas¹,

Hill²,

Isikoff³

et al. 1982

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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The significance of dilatation of the collecting system of the transplanted kidney and its relationship to bladder distention was reviewed in 39 renal recipients examined by sonography (94 studies). The degree of pelvicaliceal (PCS), ureteral, and bladder distention was graded and correlated with the 24-h urine output, nuclear renal scan, and clinical follow-up. marked PCS distention can indicate obstruction (33%), especially when there is no associated bladder distention (60%) and a fluid collection lies along the path of the ureter. The 24-hr urine output did not influence the degree of PCS distention.

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The influence of hydration and bladder distension on the sonographic diagnosis of hydronephrosis

Cited by 49 publications

References 5 publications

Evolution of Schistosoma haematobium-related pathology over 24 months after treatment with praziquantel among school children in southeastern Tanzania.

Evolution of Schistosoma haematobium-related pathology over 24 months after treatment with praziquantel among school children in southeastern Tanzania.

Assessment of Agreement between 99mTc-DMSA Renal Scan and Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Renal Pathology in Children with Recurrent urinary tract infection

The clinical significance of dilatation of the collecting system in the transplanted kidney

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