The Influence of Household Wastewater Treatment Plants with Drainage System on the Quality of Groundwater in the Lublin Province, Poland

Abstract

One of the prerequisites for maintaining good quality of environment in a given area is the creation of an appropriate water and sewage infrastructure. Despite a significant progress which occurred in the previous 20 years, the population of Poland, especially the people inhabiting rural areas, have a limited access to the water supply and sewage infrastructure. According to the data collected in 2018 by the Polish Central Statistical Office, 85% of people in rural areas had access to water supply network, whereas only 41% had access to a sewage system [GUS 2019a]. In turn, in the Lublin province, 80.6% of rural population was connected to a water supply network, but only 21.8% used a sewage system [Statistical Office in Lublin, 2019]. One of the main reasons for a slow development of the sewage infrastructure in rural areas of Poland, especially in the Lublin province, is the significant dispersal of settlements, which adds to the cost intensity of the investment process. In accordance with the Water Act [2017] as well as the Announcement of the Marshal of the

Assessment of the Efficiency, Environmental and Economic Effects of Compact Type On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants—Results from Random Testing

“…The high density of septic systems in the watershed results in elevated concentrations of TDN and PO 4 -P in streams relative to low density and control watershed streams [32]. Septic systems are also a source of bacteria and micropollutants in the environment, e.g., in underground water [33][34][35]. The septic system's effect on the environment can be difficult to measure.…”

Influence of COD in Toxic Industrial Wastewater from a Chemical Concern on Nitrification Efficiency

“…Such wastewater can be neutralized by mechanical–biological or mechanical–biological–chemical methods of treatment with the use of activated sludge. Effective detection of any disruptions and instabilities in the processes taking place during wastewater treatment enables quick and effective actions to be taken to eliminate them, thus ensuring safety for the environment and human health [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Technological reliability of pollutant removal in different seasons in one-stage constructed wetland system with horizontal flow operating in the moderate climate

“…Among the aforementioned solutions, the most frequently used technological system consists of the initial settling tank and drainage pipe [8][9][10], mainly due to the low construction costs [11]. However, the application of this solution is the reason of much controversy in Poland [6,[12][13][14]. The multi-criteria analysis shows that the usage of systems with drainage pipe is inconsistent with the principles of sustainable development [5], because these systems collecting polluted water and let in untreated sewage into the environment and not ensure effective elimination of pollution [15].…”

“…The multi-criteria analysis shows that the usage of systems with drainage pipe is inconsistent with the principles of sustainable development [5], because these systems collecting polluted water and let in untreated sewage into the environment and not ensure effective elimination of pollution [15]. They have a negative impact on the ecological status of the environment and contribute to the degradation of groundwater quality [14].…”