The influence of hormone replacement therapy on the pathology of breast cancer

Biglia, Nicoletta; Sgrò, Luca; Defabiani, E; Rosa, G.; Ponzone, Riccardo; Marenco, Davide; Sismondi, P

doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2005.02.005

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The risk of tumours low in mitotic index, and expression of Ki67, was increased among CHRT-users and this observation is in line with several other studies. 28,29 In our study, nuclear atypia expressed an even stronger association with CHRTuse (data not shown) and may to some extend account for the association between grade and CHRT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Breast tumours following combined hormone replacement therapy express favourable prognostic factors

Borgquist

Anagnostaki

Jirström

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between different types of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk of specific breast cancer subgroups. A population-based prospective cohort study including 12,583 peri-or postmenopausal women were followed using record-linkage with national cancer registries. During an average follow-up of 4.5 years, 332 cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed. Tumour samples were available from 283 cases. These tumours were re-evaluated according to histological type, grade, and mitotic index. Evaluation of tumours included estrogen and progesterone receptor status (ERa, ERb and PgR), as well as expression of Ki67, HER2, cyclin D1 and p27. The incidence of breast cancer in current users of combined HRT (CHRT) was significantly higher than in nonusers. The difference corresponded to an adjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval) of 3.01 (2.35-3.84) as obtained using a Cox's proportional hazards analysis. CHRT was associated with lobular tumours (3.48:1.99-6.10), grade 1 tumours (4.46:2.79-7.13) and tumours with a low mitotic index (4.35:2.99-6.34). CHRT was not related to any specific subgroup in terms of ERa-, ERb-or PgR-expression. CHRT was associated with low proliferating tumours, defined by the Ki67 index (3.58:2.60-4.93), HER2 amplified tumours (4.40:1.93-10.06), low expression of the oncogene cyclin D1 (3.14:2.32-4.23) and high expression of the tumour suppressor gene p27 (3.47:2.40-5.01). Use of estrogen-alone HRT (ERT) was not associated with any statistically significant risk of breast cancer. We conclude that the use of CHRT is associated with an increased incidence of breast tumours with comparatively favourable prognostic factors. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Reports on the association between HRT and HER2 status are sparse but a recent case-control study described no difference in HER2 expression comparing HRT-users with non-users. 28 CHRT was associated with low expression of the oncogene cyclin D1. CHRT was also associated with high expression of the tumour suppressor gene p27.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast tumours following combined hormone replacement therapy express favourable prognostic factors

Borgquist

Anagnostaki

Jirström

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Hormone therapy has been found to confer greater risk on invasive lobular, tubular, and mixed ductal-lobular histologic types (5-7)-types associated with better outcomes in some but not all studies-than for invasive ductal cancers. In addition, hormone therapy -associated tumors have been shown to be smaller (8)(9)(10)(11), hormone receptor positive (12)(13)(14), of lower grade (14)(15)(16)(17)(18), and to have fewer affected nodes (9,19) than tumors not associated with hormone therapy use. However, due to the strong correlation between histologic type and clinical characteristics, in particular estrogen receptor/ progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status (20)(21)(22)(23)(24), it is unclear which tumor subtypes are most strongly associated with hormone therapy use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Clinical Breast Cancer Subtypes

Slanger

Chang‐Claude

Obi

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with subtypes that may vary in their etiologies. Menopausal hormone therapy has been associated more strongly with lobular and tubular than ductal histologic types and with tumors that are smaller, hormone receptor -positive, and of lower grade. At the same time, correlations have been observed between histology and clinical characteristics. To identify those tumor subtypes most strongly associated with hormone therapy use, it is necessary to disentangle these interrelationships. Methods: Based on 3,464 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 6,657 controls from the population-based Mammary carcinoma Risk factor Investigation study, we used polytomous logistic regression to evaluate associations between hormone therapy use and risk of invasive breast cancer subtypes. We assessed variations in risk for selected tumor characteristics among histologic and hormone receptor subtypes, both overall and for specific hormone therapy regimens.

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“…Second, the phenotype ER+/PRÀ may be due to overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (28). However, to the best of our knowledge, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression has not been studied after progestagen use, and most studies failed to find significantly more frequent human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression in breast cancers diagnosed in MHT users versus MHT nonusers (29)(30)(31), except for one study based on very small numbers (32). Third, the absence of PR may indicate high insulin-like growth factor, epidermal growth factor and heregulin activities, which down-regulate PR independently of ER status (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Progestagens Use Before Menopause and Breast Cancer Risk According to Histology and Hormone Receptors

Fabre

Fournier

Mesrine

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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In a previous study, we found a positive association between premenopausal use of progestagens and breast cancer risk. We conducted the present study to assess the risk of breast cancers defined by their histology and hormone receptors status. We evaluated the association between progestagen-only intake (except for mini pills) before menopause and after the age of 40 years and invasive breast cancer risk in 67,057 women participating in the French E3N cohort study. Histologically confirmed invasive breast cancers (2,264) were identified through biennial self-administered questionnaires completed from 1992 to 2002. Risk estimates were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model. We found an increased risk of lobular carcinoma associated with premenopausal use of progestagens among both current and past users [hazard raatio (HR), 1.51; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.02-2.24 and HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.08-1.75, respectively]. Among current users, the use of progestagens for 4.5 years or more was associated with an increased risk of estrogen receptor -positive/progesterone receptor -positive carcinomas (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.05-2.68), whereas current use of progestagens for <4.5 years was associated with an increase in the estrogen receptor -positive/progesterone receptornegative carcinoma risk (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.05-2.46). The premenopausal use of progestagens after the age of 40 years may be preferentially associated with the risk of lobular breast cancer and differentially affect the risk of breast cancer according to the hormone receptor status. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(10):2723 -8)

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The influence of hormone replacement therapy on the pathology of breast cancer

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Breast tumours following combined hormone replacement therapy express favourable prognostic factors

Breast tumours following combined hormone replacement therapy express favourable prognostic factors

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Clinical Breast Cancer Subtypes

Progestagens Use Before Menopause and Breast Cancer Risk According to Histology and Hormone Receptors

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