The influence of horizontal velocity on interlimb symmetry in normal walking

Goble, Daniel J.; Marino, G. Wayne; Potvin, Jim R.

doi:10.1016/s0167-9457(03)00047-2

Cited by 63 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Accordingly, the body segments act as pair oscillators, in which the symmetric relationships (in-phase and outphase) are more easily maintained at higher speeds than other complex phase conditions. For example, feet are more likely to experience non-coupling and apply different functional strategies at lower speeds, while motion patterns are carried out with higher coupling and symmetry at higher speeds [13]. This finding is consistent with Plotnik et al [35] finding, that measured GRF for gait asymmetry.…”

Section: The Effect Of Movement Speed On Gait Symmetrysupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Examples of clinical trials include a comparison between dysfunctional gait and normal people with hypothetical gait symmetry [13]. A Based on the present research results, the lower limb dysfunction due to disease and anomalies affects and increases the gait asymmetry (Table 1).…”

Section: The Effect Of Disease and Anomalies On Gait Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Since changes in horizontal speed have significant and well-documented effect on the biomechanical behavior of walking [52], a reasonable assumption is also the effect of speed on the extent of gait asymmetry [13]. These conditions have been tested in patients with anomalies affecting the lower limbs, and the results have shown that decreasing or increasing the movement speed relative to the desired or normal speed affects the performance of these individuals by increasing gait asymmetry [15,22,33,53].…”

Section: The Effect Of Movement Speed On Gait Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the results of several studies on kinematic variables and GRF in healthy subjects [13,29,35] and people with lower limb malfunctions [17,22,53] showed that the increase in walking speed had no significant effect on gait asymmetry, and sometimes reduces it. Carpes et al [55] in a review study on the reduced asymmetry in subjects when performing a task at a higher speed or power, argued that more research must be done on why gait asymmetry occurs in movements with normal speed and the kinematic symmetry occurs only in conditions with maximum effort.…”

Section: The Effect Of Movement Speed On Gait Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, gait symmetry may not always be a desirable goal, and it can change according to the context of the task and subject. However, Goble et al [13] justified this phenomenon using the theory of dynamic systems and motor control. There are various examples in this area where inter-limb coupling improves with increasing speed [56].…”

Section: The Effect Of Movement Speed On Gait Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Selected Factors Affecting Gait Symmetry

Nasirzade

Sadeghi

Mokhtarinia

et al. 2017

PTJ

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Purpose: Because walking is the main activity of humans for movement, many research studies have been conducted to understand its details. One of the main issues in this regard is gait symmetry and the effect of various factors on it. Accordingly, the present study aimed to review the selected factors affecting gait symmetry. Methods:A literature review was performed on articles published from 2000 to 2016 using Science Direct, Google scholar, PubMed, Ovid Medline, Scopus and Medline databases. The search keywords were "gait asymmetry", "bilateral coordination", "bilateral asymmetry", "limb dominance", "laterality", "limb preference" and "performance asymmetry."Results: A total of 60 scientific articles were selected according to the research criteria by searching the relevant articles published from 2000 to 2016 in reliable scientific databases. Conclusion:A review of the previous studies shows that walking in normal people is asymmetric in terms of the lower limb function. Also, limb disorder due to the illness and or disorder creates gait asymmetry. Therefore, regaining perfect symmetry or decreasing gait asymmetry by exercise and intervention in such individuals is considered a method to examine the success of rehabilitation process. However, as factors like movement speed and age can affect gait asymmetry, they should be controlled during the examination of gait asymmetry. Moreover, this information could be useful for gait assessment, clinical prescriptions for patients with abnormalities, designing orthosis and prosthesis, as well as improving the performance of athletes.

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Section: The Effect Of Movement Speed On Gait Symmetrysupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: The Effect Of Disease and Anomalies On Gait Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: The Effect Of Movement Speed On Gait Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Effect Of Movement Speed On Gait Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Effect Of Movement Speed On Gait Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Review of Selected Factors Affecting Gait Symmetry

Nasirzade

Sadeghi

Mokhtarinia

et al. 2017

PTJ

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Health and Human Development

Vondracek¹,

Crouter²

2012

Handbook of Psychology, Second Edition

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Gait asymmetries are exacerbated at faster walking speeds in individuals with acute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Garcia

Brown

Koje

et al. 2021

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Previous research suggests more biomechanically demanding tasks (e.g., stair descent, hopping) magnify biomechanical asymmetries compared with walking after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, it is unclear if modifying task‐specific constraints, like walking speed also elicits greater biomechanical asymmetries in this population. We examined the effects of manipulating walking speed on ground reaction force (GRF) asymmetries in individuals with ACL reconstruction and uninjured controls. Thirty individuals with ACL reconstruction (age = 20.6 ± 5.4 years, body mass index [BMI] = 23.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2) and 15 controls (age = 23.1 ± 4.5 years, BMI = 23.6 ± 2.7 kg/m2) were tested on an instrumented treadmill at three speeds (100%, 120%, and 80% self‐selected speed). Bilateral vertical and posterior‐anterior GRFs were recorded at each speed. GRF asymmetries were calculated by subtracting the uninjured from the injured limb at each percent of stance. Statistical parametric mapping was used to evaluate the effects of speed on GRF asymmetries across stance. We found vertical and posterior GRF asymmetries were exacerbated at faster speeds and reduced at slower speeds in ACL individuals but not controls (p < .05). No differences in anterior GRF asymmetries were observed between speeds in either group (p > .05). Our results suggest increasing walking speed magnifies GRF asymmetries in individuals with ACL reconstruction. Statement of Clinical Significance: Evaluating both preferred and fast walking speeds may aid in characterizing biomechanical asymmetries in individuals with ACL reconstruction which may be valuable in earlier rehabilitative time points when more difficult tasks like hopping and running are not feasible.

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The influence of horizontal velocity on interlimb symmetry in normal walking

Cited by 63 publications

References 17 publications

A Review of Selected Factors Affecting Gait Symmetry

A Review of Selected Factors Affecting Gait Symmetry

Health and Human Development

Gait asymmetries are exacerbated at faster walking speeds in individuals with acute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

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