The Influence of High D-glucose Concentrations on Increasing the Expression of EGR-1, PTEN and GGPS-1 Involved in Insulin Resistance of AT-MSCs

Synergistic effect of metformin and vitamin D3 on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells under high d-glucose conditions

“…Besides, the advantage of AT-MSCs cells over BM-MSCs is the possibility to harvest them in a less invasive manner [ 31 , 34 ]. However, type 2 diabetic patients suffer from insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia, from which AT-MSCs’ functions were impaired in osteogenic differentiation potential and wound healing ability [ 27 , 29 , 35 ]. In previous report, we also demonstrated that the expressions of insulin resistance-related genes PTEN, EGR-1, GGPS-1 in healthy human AT-MSCs-treated with high d -glucose concentrations at 25 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM were accelerated in comparison with those of human diabetic-derived AT-MSCs [ 27 ].…”

“…However, type 2 diabetic patients suffer from insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia, from which AT-MSCs’ functions were impaired in osteogenic differentiation potential and wound healing ability [ 27 , 29 , 35 ]. In previous report, we also demonstrated that the expressions of insulin resistance-related genes PTEN, EGR-1, GGPS-1 in healthy human AT-MSCs-treated with high d -glucose concentrations at 25 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM were accelerated in comparison with those of human diabetic-derived AT-MSCs [ 27 ]. Additionally, according to our previous report, the expression of ALP and Runx-2 were remarkably decreased in non-diabetic-derived AT-MSCs under high d -glucose conditions and in diabetic-derived AT-MSCs [ 28 ].…”

“…In addition, our previous studies showed that insulin resistance-related gene induction was significantly elevated while the osteogenic ability in human AT-MSCs was impaired under 25 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM d -glucose treatment [ 27 , 28 ]. Hence, we hypothesize that AT-MSCs may be a good candidate for examining the effect of vitamin D 3 and metformin on the osteogenic differentiation under high d -glucose conditions.…”