The Influence of High Confining Stress on the Cyclic Behavior of Saturated Sand

Steedman, R. S.; Ledbetter, Richard; Hynes, Mary Ellen

doi:10.1061/40520(295)4

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The epwp predicted in the loose silty sand layer below the dam core have reduced values due to large static shear stresses and overburden stresses in this area. These results are in good agreement with field observations (e.g., Seed and Harder 1990) and recent centrifuge experimental results (Steedman et al 2000).…”

Section: Predicted Excess Pore Pressuressupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The numerical model predictions in terms of epwp ratio in the loose silty sand layer below the dam core are compared in Fig. 9b with the results of a centrifuge experimen-tal study on the behaviour of saturated sands under high effective confining pressure (Steedman et al 2000). A large number of tests on saturated loose sands under IEVS of up to 1000 kPa and subjected to earthquake-like shaking have been performed.…”

Section: Predicted Excess Pore Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Finite element assessment of the effects of seismic loading rate on soil liquefaction

Popescu¹

2002

Can. Geotech. J.

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The influence of frequency content of seismic excitation on the extent and pattern of pore-water pressure build-up in saturated soil deposits is addressed. Seismic acceleration time histories are generated as uniformly modulated nonstationary stochastic processes, in accordance with prescribed response spectra and prescribed modulating functions. Based on numerical examples, it is shown that the interplay between the frequency content of seismic excitation and the dynamic characteristics of the soil system and their evolution during and after the earthquake have important implications on the dynamic response.Résumé : L'influence de la fréquence de l'excitation séismique sur la magnitude et la configuration de la pression d'eau interstitielle dans les dépôts de sol saturé a été étudiée. Des accélérations séismiques sont simulées en tant que processus stochastiques uniformément modulés, selon des spectres de réponse et des fonctions de modulation prescrits. On a démontré que l'interaction entre la fréquence de l'excitation séismique et les caractéristiques dynamiques du sol ont des implications importantes sur la réponse dynamique.Mots clés : mouvement séismique, fréquence, éléments finis, dynamique des sols.

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Section: Predicted Excess Pore Pressuressupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Predicted Excess Pore Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element assessment of the effects of seismic loading rate on soil liquefaction

Popescu¹

2002

Can. Geotech. J.

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“…Steedman et al (2000) performed a series of centrifuge tests investigating the cyclic behaviour of saturated sands under high confining stress (ó 9 v ) by testing deep level soil models with a uniform, freely draining surcharge. A reduction of the measured excess pore pressure ratio (r u ) with depth (i.e.…”

Section: Excess Pore Pressure Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of initial stress distribution on liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow foundations

Bertalot¹,

Brennan²

2015

Géotechnique

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During earthquakes, saturated sandy soils may generate significant excess pore pressures and approach a state of liquefaction. Structures founded on shallow foundations above such soils may consequently undergo large settlements. Recent case history analysis has shown that the stress imposed by the foundation is a key factor in the estimation of such settlements. However, the case history data showed that although increasing bearing pressure caused an increase in settlements as expected, this was only true up to a point, and that very heavy structures appeared to settle less than some lighter structures. This work aims to investigate these counter-intuitive results by means of controlled experimental testing using a geotechnical centrifuge. Results of the centrifuge tests show that the trend derived from case histories is correct and that liquefaction-induced settlements peak for a given bearing stress (90 kPa for the models tested) and reduce for greater applied stresses. Further, by analysis of excess pore pressure distributions beneath the foundations it is shown that the main factor inhibiting pore pressure generation beneath the footings is not so much the confining pressure as the in-situ static shear stress around the edge of the foundation. This is supported by element test data from the literature. When this initial static shear stress is so high that the applied cyclic shear stress cannot exceed it (i.e. the direction of shear stress does not reverse) then pore pressure generation is greatly reduced, thus causing the observed reduction in expected settlements.

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“…Centrifuge model tests (Steedman et al 2000) conducted by Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) indicated that liquefaction was suppressed at higher stress levels and essentially could not occur at an effective stress in excess of about 500 kPa. This seemed to be in accord with the field observation.…”

Section: Examples Of Stress Densificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress densification and its evaluation

Park¹,

Byrne²

2004

Can. Geotech. J.

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Stress densification occurs in natural soils as well as manmade embankments and physical model tests. Such densification can increase stability and liquefaction resistance. One-dimensional compression test data from eight sands were examined. From these data a stress densification equation is developed to estimate the density increase due to applied stress changes. It is found that stress densification can lead to erroneous conclusions if not taken into consideration when evaluating physical model test results.Résumé : La densification due aux contraintes se produit dans les sols naturels de même que dans les remblais construits par l'homme et dans les essais sur modèles physiques. Une telle densification peut augmenter la stabilité et la résistance à la liquéfaction. On examine les données d'essais de compression unidimensionnelle sur huit sables. En partant de ces données, on développe une équation de densification due aux contraintes pour évaluer l'augmentation de la densité due aux changements de contraintes appliquées. On trouve que la densification due aux contraintes peut conduire à des conclusions erronées si l'on n'en tient pas compte dans l'évaluation des résultats d'essais sur modèle physique.

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The Influence of High Confining Stress on the Cyclic Behavior of Saturated Sand

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Finite element assessment of the effects of seismic loading rate on soil liquefaction

Finite element assessment of the effects of seismic loading rate on soil liquefaction

Influence of initial stress distribution on liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow foundations

Stress densification and its evaluation

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