The Influence of Heat Input on the Microstructure and Properties of Wire-Arc-Additive-Manufactured Al-Cu-Sn Alloy Deposits

Abstract

In this experiment, Al-Cu-Sn alloy was used as raw material to form deposits with different heat input using the wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process. The effects of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Sn alloy deposits were investigated by metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mechanical properties tests. The results show that with increased of heat input, the thickness of the deposits increased and the layer height of the deposits increased. The number and size of pores in the deposits also improved with the increased heat input. The grain size of the deposits in the as-deposited state gradually increased and changed from isometric crystals to columnar crystals, the precipitated θ phases gradually converged on the grain boundary from within the grains. After T6 heat treatment, with increased heat input, the number of unsolved θ phases on the grain boundary increased, and the number of θ phases precipitated out of the matrix decreased as the phase spacing increased. With the increased heat input, the mechanical properties of the deposits gradually decreased, and the fracture mode changed from ductile fracture to brittle fracture.

A Review of the Development Status of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Technology

“…Performance. Wang et al [9] studied the effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Sn alloy by the CMT process. e study shows that as the heat input gradually increases, the printed layer thickness increases, and the number and size of pores in the deposits also improved.…”

Review of Aluminum Alloy Development for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

“…Hypoeutectic additions of tin (<0.12 wt.% [ 176 ]) showed the ability to grain refine Al-Cu alloys and increase the density of the strengthening phase. A combination of enhanced tensile strength and elongation was demonstrated with proper WAAM parameter control [ 177 , 178 ].…”

Визначення Оптимальних Параметрів Процесу Waam На Основі Технології CMT З Використанням Низьковуглецевої Нелегованої Сталі

“…Також, під впливом електричної дуги в процесі WAAM в тіло деталі переноситься велика кількість тепла. При вирощуванні з великим тепловнесенням збільшується кількість пор та розмір зерен у структурі матеріалу, а механічні властивості погіршуються [2]. Внаслідок повільного охолодження матеріалу, починаючи з першого й закінчуючи останнім шаром, спостерігається ефект акумуляції тепла.…”