The Influence of Health Behaviours in Childhood on Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescence

Wu, Xiuyun; Öhinmaa, Arto; Veugelers, Paul J.

doi:10.3390/nu8120788

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…We observed that children who engaged in excessive use of computers and video games (≥3 vs. <1 h/day) had significantly more diagnoses of ADHDs, which is consistent with previous studies reporting that playing computers and video games was associated with increased attention problems and ADHD among children and adolescents (33,49,50). While some studies observed that increased time spent on playing computers and video games was related to more internalizing disorder problems such as depression and anxiety among youth (20, 51), we did not find a significant association between the use of computers and video games and internalizing disorder in children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Health Behavior, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Mental Health Among Canadian Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Veugelers

Öhinmaa

2021

Front. Nutr.

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Objective: Studies that have reported the associations of diet quality, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with mental health among children and adolescents are predominantly cross-sectional in design. Very few studies have examined the longitudinal relationship of mental health with health behavior and HRQoL among children. This study aimed to investigate the associations of diet quality, PA, SB, and HRQoL among children with mental health disorders throughout childhood.Methods: We linked data from grade five students aged primarily 10 and 11 years who participated in the Raising Healthy Eating and Active Living (REAL) Kids Alberta survey in 2012 in the Canadian province of Alberta with their administrative health care data from birth to 2012. Mental health outcomes included internalizing disorder and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) defined by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) or Tenth Revision, Canadian version (ICD-10-CA). The HRQoL was measured by the EQ-5D-Y, a five-dimensional descriptive system for children and youth. We applied negative binomial regressions to examine the associations between health behaviors, HRQoL, and mental health.Results: Of the 1,352 participating students, 12.31 and 8.32% had a diagnosis of internalizing disorders and ADHDs, respectively, during childhood from birth to the ages of 10–11 years. Students in the highest tertile for diet quality, relative to the lowest tertile, were 56% less likely to have diagnoses of internalizing disorders (incidence rate ratio, IRR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.23–0.85). Students engaged in less PA (vs. more PA) were more likely to be diagnosed for internalizing disorders (IRR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.19–3.30). Poorer diet quality, low PA, excessive use of computers/video games, and watching TV were significantly associated with more diagnoses of ADHDs. Children who experienced some or a lot of problems in “feeling worried, sad, or unhappy” and “having pain or discomfort” were more likely to receive diagnoses of internalizing disorders and ADHDs, respectively.Conclusions: These observed associations suggest that health promotion programs targeting promoting diet quality, PA, and HRQoL and reducing SB among children may contribute to improving mental health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Health Behavior, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Mental Health Among Canadian Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Veugelers

Öhinmaa

2021

Front. Nutr.

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“…The results are in line with another study suggesting the association between ADHD and overweight was completely explained by cumulative psychosocial risks [19]. Prime candidate environmental factors that increase the risk for both ADHD and overweight and that are shared by family members include inadequate health behaviors, foremost poor nutritional habits and lack of physical activity [48–51] as well as chronic stress [19]. Poor nutritional habits, lack of physical activity, and chronic stress tend to cluster with each other and within families [19], particularly in families with disadvantaged backgrounds [52].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Overweight in family members of probands with ADHD

Geuijen

Buitelaar

Fliers

et al. 2019

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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The widely reported association between ADHD and overweight may be attributable to genetic and environmental factors also present in unaffected family members. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between ADHD and overweight within families. A cohort was used of families with at least one member with ADHD, recruited as part of the Dutch node of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study, with assessments taking place between 2003 and 2006, 2009 and 2012, and 2013 and 2015. The three assessment waves yielded N = 1828 youth assessments and N = 998 parent assessments from N = 447 unique families. Overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile for youth of the same age and sex; overweight in adults as a BMI ≥ 25. Effects of age, gender, and medication use (psychostimulants, antipsychotics, and melatonin) were taken into account. Generalized estimation equations were used to correct for within-family and within-subject correlations. There was no difference in risk between ADHD-affected youth and their unaffected siblings (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.78–1.09). However, compared to population prevalence data, all ADHD family members alike were at increased risk for being overweight: ADHD-affected youth (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.13–1.59), unaffected siblings (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.45–2.08), mothers (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.40–2.17) and fathers (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.46–2.15). Parental overweight—but not parental ADHD—was predictive of offspring overweight (mothers OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.14–1.73, fathers OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.41–2.36). Being overweight runs in ADHD families, yet is not specifically linked to ADHD within families. Shared unhealthy lifestyle factors (including nutrition, sleep, exercise, stress) as well as genetic factors shared by family members likely explain the findings.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00787-019-01331-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Wu et al [24] concluded that health-promotion programs designed to improve the diet and increase the physical activity of children may mitigate their hyperactivity and inattention and consequently reduce the public health burden of ADHD. The LDK is one such nationwide program that allows children and adolescents from big cities and small towns to participate in physical activity and nutritional education as well as undergo regular athletic training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the mentioned study of Wu et al [24], the ADHD diagnosis was more common in individuals characterized by a lower quality of diet, lesser level of physical activity, and more screen time playing computer and video games. This observed association between physical activity and hyperactivity may be an outcome of the time spent playing computer and video games because, in general, when an individual spends a lot of time playing computer and video games, s/he does not spend this time on physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Hyperactivity and Inattention between Adolescents Participating and Non-Participating in A National Polish After-School Athletics Program

Głąbska

Guzek

Mellová³

et al. 2019

JCM

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Among the hyperactivity and inattention components, being predictors of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) phenotype, there are restlessness, fidgeting, distractibility, lack of reflectiveness and lack of attention components. So far, it was observed that they may be associated with an excessive body mass in children. The aim of the study was to analyze differences of the hyperactivity and inattention between adolescents participating and non-participating in a national Polish after-school athletics program (12–13 years) in a case-control sample. The #goathletics study was conducted among a group of 1014 adolescents—507 representatives for the nationwide physical activity program “Athletics for All” and 507 pair-matched non-participating ones. Assessment of the hyperactivity and inattention was based on a Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire—Hyperactivity-Inattention subscale (SDQ-HI). It was observed, that in spite of the fact, that the general frequency of hyperactivity and inattention did not differ between groups, the frequency of specific components differed. Especially in the case of girls, for adolescents participating in a national Polish after-school athletics program, the positive attention component was more often observed (39.7%) than for adolescents non-participating (30.0%). It may be concluded, that hyperactivity and inattention components may be less common in the case of active adolescents, than in the case of others.

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The Influence of Health Behaviours in Childhood on Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescence

Cited by 20 publications

References 58 publications

Health Behavior, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Mental Health Among Canadian Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Health Behavior, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Mental Health Among Canadian Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Overweight in family members of probands with ADHD

Differences in Hyperactivity and Inattention between Adolescents Participating and Non-Participating in A National Polish After-School Athletics Program

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