The influence of HCl on the oxidation of iron at elevated temperatures

Stott, F.H.; Shih, C. Y.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4176(200005)51:5<277::aid-maco277>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Combustion of waste, and to some extent also biomass, releases high levels of gaseous HCl which is considered a primary reason for the fast corrosion of critical components such as superheater tubes. Despite numerous studies on the oxidation-chlorination of both pure metals [1][2][3][4][5] and alloys [4][5][6][7][8], the mechanisms behind the breakdown are still under debate. The term ''active oxidation'' is frequently used to describe corrosion in the presence of poorly protective oxide scales [2][3][4][5][6]8].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Despite numerous studies on the oxidation-chlorination of both pure metals [1][2][3][4][5] and alloys [4][5][6][7][8], the mechanisms behind the breakdown are still under debate. The term ''active oxidation'' is frequently used to describe corrosion in the presence of poorly protective oxide scales [2][3][4][5][6]8]. The role of chlorine is often explained by the socalled ''chlorine-cycle'' [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HCl-Induced High Temperature Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Thermal Cycling Conditions and the Effect of Preoxidation

Viklund

Pettersson

2010

Oxid Met

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Gaseous HCl released during combustion is one reason for the severe materials degradation often encountered in power generation from waste and biomass. In this study, three stainless steels (the low alloyed EN 1.4982, the standard EN 1.4301 and the higher alloyed EN 1.4845) were tested by repeated thermal cycling in an environment comprising N 2 -10%O 2 -5%H 2 O-0.05%HCl at both 400 and 700°C. The materials were exposed with ground surfaces and preoxidised at 400 or 700°C. A positive effect of preoxidation is evident when alloys are exposed at 400°C. Oxide layers formed during preoxidation effectively suppress chlorine ingress for all three materials, while chlorine accumulation at the metal/oxide interface is detected for surface ground specimens. The positive effect of preoxidation is lost at 700°C and corrosion resistance is dependent on alloying level. At 700°C metal chloride evaporation contributes significantly to the material degradation. Based on the results, high temperature corrosion in chlorinating environments is discussed in general terms.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCl-Induced High Temperature Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Thermal Cycling Conditions and the Effect of Preoxidation

Viklund

Pettersson

2010

Oxid Met

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“…Both models assume that the corrosion depth increases uniformly based on the experimental observations. The molecular diffusivity, D M,FeCl2 is calculated using the Chapman-Enskog equation 24 …”

Section: Fe O Fesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This results in an expression similar to those obtained by Grabke et al 10 and Stott & Shih 24 . There will potentially be secondary gaseous components, e.g.…”

Section: Modellingsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Porosity-Based Corrosion Model for Alkali Halide Ash Deposits during Biomass Co-firing

O’Hagan¹,

O’Brien²,

Griffin

et al. 2015

Energy Fuels

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Publication InformationO'Hagan, CP, O'Brien, BJ, Leen, SB, Monaghan, RFD. (2015) 'A porosity-based corrosion model for alkali halide ash deposits during biomass co-firing'. Energy & Fuels,. PublisherAmerican Chemical Society AbstractThis paper presents a physics-based model to describe accelerated corrosion due to alkali halidecontaining deposits, which form on superheater tube walls during biomass co-firing. Increased rates of corrosion during the co-firing of peat with biomass have been identified as a limiting factor on the level of biomass which is viable to use at elevated temperatures. In the present work a synthetic salt, representative of a 70:30 peat-biomass mix, has been applied to pure iron samples in air at 540 C and 600 C. The corrosion layers have been examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy elemental mapping to provide insight into the material degradation and structure of the corrosion layer. Two distinct types of oxide are found to form on the iron substrate. Initially, a compact, uniform oxide layer forms over the substrate. As the process continues, this oxide layer degrades, leading to spalling which sees the broken oxide pieces mix with the salt layer. Additional test samples were examined without deposits as controls to highlight the accelerated rate of corrosion. Two modelling techniques are examined; the widely-used labyrinth factor method (LFM) and the newly proposed porosity-based corrosion method (PCM). The PCM method uses measurements of porosity and pore radius, coupled with a physically-based corrosion mechanism, to predict corrosion rates. Results from the two modelling techniques are compared and both agree satisfactorily with experimental measurements for times of up to 28 days.

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Halogenation

2018

High Temperature Corrosion

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The influence of HCl on the oxidation of iron at elevated temperatures

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

HCl-Induced High Temperature Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Thermal Cycling Conditions and the Effect of Preoxidation

HCl-Induced High Temperature Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Thermal Cycling Conditions and the Effect of Preoxidation

Porosity-Based Corrosion Model for Alkali Halide Ash Deposits during Biomass Co-firing

Halogenation

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