The influence of growth medium composition on the toxicity of chemicals to algae

Millington, L.A.; Goulding, K. H.; Adams, Nancy M.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(88)90173-x

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…An in-depth study of the influence of the mineral composition of the medium on growth of planktonic algae was reported by Chu (1942). Comparisons of the nutrient composition of the standard algal culture and test media are given by Millington et al (1988), Nyholm and Källqvist (1989), and Hörnström (1990). According to these authors, although differences in composition do occur, in general these media are rather similar in both the type of nutrients and their quantity.…”

Section: B Environmental Availability and Physicochemical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is well recognized that test medium composition is a major factor affecting toxicity (Eloranta 1982;Millington et al 1988). A comparison of essential experimental variables in current standard test protocols (ISO 1987;OECD 1984;USEPA 1978) including the medium characteristics, is given in Nyholm and Källqvist (1989).…”

Section: B Environmental Availability and Physicochemical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Algal Toxicity Tests for Environmental Risk Assessments of Metals

Janssen

Heijerick²

2003

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Section: B Environmental Availability and Physicochemical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: B Environmental Availability and Physicochemical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal Toxicity Tests for Environmental Risk Assessments of Metals

Janssen

Heijerick²

2003

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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“…Similarly, growth rates obtained using standardized growth endpoints are also different across standardized media used for toxicity assessment [26]. Whereas variable toxicological effects of algae exposed to a multitude of toxicants across a nutrient gradient are widespread throughout the literature [34][35][36][37][38][39][40], the potential for nutrient-toxicant interaction for higher plants, particularly Lemna, has received comparatively less attention and has focused on metals [41][42][43]. Others have recognized this paucity of data and identified the need to understand potential interactive effects between nutrients and toxicant exposure to aquatic vascular plants [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composition of algal nutrient media, particularly N and P, is previously reported to have significant influences on results derived from standardized assays [34][35][36]. This potentially leads to variable thresholds of adverse effect measures, and ultimately uncertainty, under different nutrient conditions experienced in the field.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This potentially leads to variable thresholds of adverse effect measures, and ultimately uncertainty, under different nutrient conditions experienced in the field. For example, depending on the combination of three green alga species, chemical, and growth media, Millington et al [36] showed that adverse effects were significantly different among but inconsistently linked to nutrient concentrations. Kamaya et al [35] showed a Selenastrum capricornutum 72-h protocatechuic acid median inhibition concentration to increase by a factor of 3.75 when P was decreased from 6.0 mM to 1.5 mM; amelioration of toxicity is reflected by the decreased numerical sensitivity (effect Table 5.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and ratios on Lemna gibba growth responses to triclosan in laboratory and stream mesocosm experiments

Fulton

Brain

Usenko

et al. 2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The effects of co-occurring nutrient and contaminant stressors are very likely to interact in aquatic systems, particularly at the level of primary producers. Site-specific nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations are often much lower and differ in relative availability than those used in nutrient-saturated laboratory assays for aquatic plants, which can introduce uncertainty in prospective ecological hazard and risk assessments. Because triclosan, an antimicrobial agent included in personal care products, potentially presents high relative risk among antimicrobial agents to aquatic plants and algae, we performed laboratory experiments with the model aquatic macrophyte Lemna gibba across a gradient of environmentally relevant N:P levels with and without triclosan coexposure. Frond numbers (7 d) were significantly higher in N:P treatments of 16 and 23 but were lower in N:P of 937 and 2,500 treatments relative to standardized control media (N:P 5 3). When triclosan co-exposure occurred at high nutrient concentrations, frond number median effective concentration values at N:P 0.75, 3, and 16 were more than twofold lower than triclosan median effective concentration values in low nutrient media N:P ratios. However, a triclosan median effective concentration for frond number was twofold lower at N:P of 2,500 than at other N:P ratios in low concentration media. Influences of P enrichment on triclosan toxicity to L. gibba were further explored during a 14-d outdoor experimental stream mesocosm study. Effects of 2.6 and 20.8 mg L 21 triclosan on L. gibba growth rates were more pronounced with increasing P treatment levels, which was generally consistent with our laboratory observations. Findings from these laboratory and field studies indicate that site-specific nutrient concentrations and ratios should be considered during assessments of primary producer responses to chemical stressors.

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Sucrose modifies growth and physiology in axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants

Nuttens

Gross

2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Sucrose as a carbon source in axenic tests affects plant growth and physiology. The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. The results show that sucrose is crucial for growth but can be used at lower concentrations than currently considered. Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. Remarkably, cadmium led to increased shoot length at low, but not at high, sucrose concentration. This contrasting effect might result from differences in osmotic potential caused by sucrose. Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. Further studies should establish the lowest sucrose level needed to account for realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:969-975. © 2016 SETAC.

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The influence of growth medium composition on the toxicity of chemicals to algae

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

Algal Toxicity Tests for Environmental Risk Assessments of Metals

Algal Toxicity Tests for Environmental Risk Assessments of Metals

Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and ratios on Lemna gibba growth responses to triclosan in laboratory and stream mesocosm experiments

Sucrose modifies growth and physiology in axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants

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