The Influence of Growth Hormone on Bone and Adipose Programming

Oberbauer, Anita M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1031-1_15

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…An association between the peak of childhood skeletal growth and the top incidence of osteosarcoma in adolescent has been documented45. Hormonal activity, specifically androgens, is a primary stimulus of skeletal growth46. As osteoblasts are commonly involved in the osteosarcoma pathological process, the oncogenic role of AR may be partly carried out by regulating bone homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen receptor is a potential novel prognostic marker and oncogenic target in osteosarcoma with dependence on CDK11

Liao

Sassi

Halvorsen

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in children and adolescents. Previously, we have found that cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) signaling was essential for osteosarcoma cell growth and survival. Subsequently, CDK11 siRNA gene targeting, expression profiling, and network reconstruction of differentially expressed genes were performed between CDK11 knock down and wild type osteosarcoma cells. Reconstructed network of the differentially expressed genes pointed to the AR as key to CDK11 signaling in osteosarcoma. CDK11 increased transcriptional activation of AR gene in osteosarcoma cell lines. AR protein was highly expressed in various osteosarcoma cell lines and patient tumor tissues. Tissue microarray analysis showed that the disease-free survival rate for patients with high-expression of AR was significantly shorter than for patients with low-expression of AR. In addition, AR gene expression knockdown via siRNA greatly inhibited cell growth and viability. Similar results were found in osteosarcoma cells treated with AR inhibitor. These findings suggest that CDK11 is involved in the regulation of AR pathway and AR can be a potential novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen receptor is a potential novel prognostic marker and oncogenic target in osteosarcoma with dependence on CDK11

Liao

Sassi

Halvorsen

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“… 8 , 31 , 39 Dendritic spines represent one important factor controlling the sensitivity of a neuron to input, 40 and enhanced spine density is one mechanism by which neurons can be preferentially recruited into a memory. 5 Because GH has a broad role in cell growth outside as well as inside of the brain 41 , 42 , 43 and neuronal morphology of the amygdala is regulated by many factors, including stress, 44 we hypothesized that locally synthesized GH may have an important role in regulating spine density.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone biases amygdala network activation after fear learning

et al. 2016

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Prolonged stress exposure is a risk factor for developing posttraumatic stress disorder, a disorder characterized by the ‘over-encoding' of a traumatic experience. A potential mechanism by which this occurs is through upregulation of growth hormone (GH) in the amygdala. Here we test the hypotheses that GH promotes the over-encoding of fearful memories by increasing the number of neurons activated during memory encoding and biasing the allocation of neuronal activation, one aspect of the process by which neurons compete to encode memories, to favor neurons that have stronger inputs. Viral overexpression of GH in the amygdala increased the number of amygdala cells activated by fear memory formation. GH-overexpressing cells were especially biased to express the immediate early gene c-Fos after fear conditioning, revealing strong autocrine actions of GH in the amygdala. In addition, we observed dramatically enhanced dendritic spine density in GH-overexpressing neurons. These data elucidate a previously unrecognized autocrine role for GH in the regulation of amygdala neuron function and identify specific mechanisms by which chronic stress, by enhancing GH in the amygdala, may predispose an individual to excessive fear memory formation.

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“…However, with the rise of placental growth hormone levels after mid-gestation, insulin production escalates and rates of lipolysis increase. These changes reflect the development of maternal insulin resistance [ 62 – 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy-related complications and perinatal outcomes following progesterone supplementation before 20 weeks of pregnancy in spontaneously achieved singleton pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lin

et al. 2021

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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Background Progesterone supplementation is widely performed in women with threatened miscarriage or a history of recurrent miscarriage; however, the effects of early progesterone supplementation on pregnancy-related complications and perinatal outcomes in later gestational weeks remain unknown. Methods Ovid MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched until April 3rd, 2021. Randomized controlled trials regarding spontaneously achieved singleton pregnancies who were treated with progestogen before 20 weeks of pregnancy and were compared with those women in unexposed control groups were selected for inclusion. We performed pairwise meta-analyses with the random-effects model. The risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The primary outcomes included preeclampsia (PE), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with the results presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results We identified nine eligible studies involving 6439 participants. The pooled OR of subsequent PE following early progestogen supplementation was 0.64 (95% CI 0.42–0.98, moderate quality of evidence). A lower OR for PE was observed in the progestogen group when the subgroup analysis was performed in the vaginal subgroup (OR 0.62, 95%CI 0.40–0.96). There was insufficient evidence of a difference in the rate of GDM between pregnant women with early progestogen supplementation and unexposed pregnant women (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.79–1.32, low quality of evidence). The pooled OR of low birth weight (LBW) following oral dydrogesterone was 0.57 (95% CI 0.34–0.95, moderate quality of evidence). The results were affected by a single study and the total sample size of enrolled women did not reach the required information size. Conclusion Use of vaginal micronized progesterone (Utrogestan) in spontaneously achieved singleton pregnancies with threatened miscarriage before 20 weeks of pregnancy may reduce the risk of PE in later gestational weeks. Among spontaneously achieved singleton pregnancies with threatened miscarriage or a history of recurrent miscarriage, use of oral dydrogesterone before 20 weeks of pregnancy may result in a lower risk of LBW in later gestational weeks. However, the available data were not sufficient to reach definitive conclusions, which highlighted the need for future studies.

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The Influence of Growth Hormone on Bone and Adipose Programming

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

Androgen receptor is a potential novel prognostic marker and oncogenic target in osteosarcoma with dependence on CDK11

Androgen receptor is a potential novel prognostic marker and oncogenic target in osteosarcoma with dependence on CDK11

Growth hormone biases amygdala network activation after fear learning

Pregnancy-related complications and perinatal outcomes following progesterone supplementation before 20 weeks of pregnancy in spontaneously achieved singleton pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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