The influence of grinding mechanism on the liberation characteristics of clinker minerals

Celik, I.B.; Öner, Muammer

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.09.011

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The vanadium-titanium magnetite samples were crushed by the HPGR and JC in closed circuit with a 3.2 mm screen. The microcracks in the different size fractions of the crushed products were characterized using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the specific surface area and pore volume were determined by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) method (Celik, 2006). The Bond ball mill work index test was performed on the -3.2 mm product, and the degree of liberation was studied by the mineral liberation analyser (MLA) (Chapman, 2013).…”

Section: Materials and Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HPGR has gained increased attention and popularity, and has been reported to provide numerous metallurgical benefits such as particle weakening, energy saving, increased liberation in cement manufacture, enhanced liberation at coarser sizes for lead-zinc ore, improved cassiterite concentration, the presence of microcracks and higher porosity for sphalerite particles, preferential comminution where induced microfissures follow grain boundaries causing higher reactivity of the product along the microcracks (Tavares, 2005;Celik, 2006;Ghorbani et al, 2011) and preconcentration for low-grade iron ore. The contributions of HPGR technology to enhanced copper column leaching include higher rock matrix fracturing and grain boundary liberation of sulphides (Ghorbani et al, 2013;Chapman, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigation of microcrack formation in vanadium-titanium magnetite using different crushing processes

Guo¹,

Cui²,

Dai³

et al. 2019

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Characteristics of microcracks in vanadium-titanium magnetite crushed by high pressure grinding roll (HPGR) and conventional jaw crusher (JC) were investigated. In crushing by both HPGR and JC, stress cracks, intragranular cracks, and cleavage cracks were developed. Stress cracking was the initial stage and fundamental basis of fracture. The intragranular cracking could accelerate the comminution process and thus increase the content of fine particles in the crushed products. Cleavage cracking could enhance the liberation of valuable minerals and gangue minerals. Narrow size fraction samples were prepared and characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) method, mineral liberation analyser (MLA), and Bond ball mill. The specific surface area and pore volume of the HPGR products were found to be significantly higher than for JC products due to the presence of abundant microcracks and a higher fraction of fine particles. Compared to the JC products, the HPGR products showed a better degree of liberation and lower Bond ball mill work index (BWI), although the difference gradually decreased with increasing fineness of grind. The application of HPGR not only reduces the energy consumption in the subsequent grinding process, but also optimizes the separation of vanadium-titanium magnetite and improves the TiO 2 recovery in ilmenite.

show abstract

Section: Materials and Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of microcrack formation in vanadium-titanium magnetite using different crushing processes

Guo¹,

Cui²,

Dai³

et al. 2019

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Soft mineral breakage rate is higher than harder minerals at low impeller speed in a horizontal stirred mill [12]. The softer mineral will require less specific energy input to overcome its surface energies and exceed its critical fracture toughness value to propagate the cracks.…”

Section: Particle Fracture Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Experimental work is adopted from Parry's work [12]. The samples evaluated were from the lead regrind circuit and the zinc first retreat regrind circuit at the Red Dog Mine.…”

Section: Experimental Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Liberation and Particle Breakage in Stirred Mills

Roufail¹,

Klein²

2010

Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goal of comminution is not only size reduction but most importantly is the liberation of the minerals of interest so that they can be effectively separated from the gangue in the downstream separation process. It has been known that comminution has a significant influence on the way minerals are liberated and in recognition of this, it is important to have a better understanding of how the liberation properties of the minerals are affected by the method of size reduction. This thesis investigates the type of breakage mechanism in stirred mills, particularly at the regrind stage, and how it influences the liberation properties of the minerals of the rougher concentrates. Three rougher concentrates of the Tampakan ore were selected for this study: Primary (contains chalcopyrite as the main copper-bearing mineral); Medium Sulphur (contains bornite as the main copper-bearing mineral, with a significant amount of chalcocite; and High Arsenic (contains bornite as the main copper-bearing mineral with the presence of chalcocite and a copper-arsenic mineral in the form of enargite). These concentrates were comminuted in the M1.5 V Netzsch stirred mill at different durations to produce different product size distributions. Progeny particles were then characterised using the JKMRC'S mineral liberation analyser (MLA) on a size-by-size basis. It was found that the dominant breakage in stirred mills is attrition based on the observations on the particle size distributions of the feed and the products as well as the evolution of the shape of the particles as grinding progressed. The mode of breakage in stirred mill was assessed based on the observations of the patterns in the particle size distributions and the evolution of the particle shape in the products ground for different durations. A shifting of the peak towards finer size fractions with increasing grinding time which is characteristic of an impact breakage mechanism was not observed in the products of the stirred mill. The peaks observed in the feed were still present after grinding, although the size of the peaks at the relatively coarser size fractions significantly reduced while the peaks found in the fine size fractions increased with increasing degree of comminution. This trend in the particle size distributions between the feed and the products is an evidence of an attrition mode of breakage. iii Analysis of the particle shape distributions of the feed and the products showed that attrition produced two populations of particles-the core particles which inherit the shape of the parent particles and either remain in the current size fraction or goes to the next smaller size fraction with shapes that are generally elongated and smooth; and the attrited particles that are chipped off from the surface of the parent particles and report to the +10 µm and-10 µm size fractions. Furthermore, it was also observed that while breakage via attrition makes the particles smoother, it does not always result in the production of rounder particles as the result of this study ...

show abstract

“…The comminution units of such plants are known to carry the highest cost both at installation and production compared with the other unit operations of the plant. It is therefore essential that the method of comminution that will be most effective, yet least expensive for a particular ore be determined at the laboratory test stage, so that a cost-effective comminution circuit that will enhance total liberation of the values is selected at the design stage [3,6,7].…”

Section: General Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Autogenous and Media Assisted Grindability of a Copper and Manganese Ores

Ajaka

Dombo

Abiodun

2018

JERR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a comparative analysis of autogenous and media assisted grinding of a manganese ore and copper ore both obtained from Otjihase in Namibia. The objective was to understand the relationship between ore properties and Grindability and thus effectively select comminution circuit and equipment based on this relationship. Laboratory studies were carried out to determine the ease of grinding the ore samples relative to one another. The sample of known weight was crushed and the particles thoroughly homogenized for sieve size analysis and Grindability tests. The Grindability test on each ore was both autogenous and media assisted for dry grinding at -250 microns with constant mill charge of 200 g per run, media charge of 40% by weight and mill operations of 100 to 500 revolutions corresponding to mill speeds of 5 to 25 rpm. The Grindability index of each ore was calculated and compared based on the tests results and used to calculate work indexes for the ores based on the Bond’s model. The autogenous tests produced average Grindability values of 0.55 kg/ton/rev and 0.65 kg/ton/rev for the copper and manganese ores respectively; and media assisted tests gave average values of 0.8 kg/ton/rev and 1.45 kg/ton/rev respectively for the copper and manganese ores. The results show that although media charge grinding produced higher Grindability values, both ores are economically amenable to autogenous grinding which suggests that with proper circuit design, the use of autogenous grinding for these ores (especially the manganese) can save significant cost. The results also show that Grindability increases with mill speed up to an optimum value beyond which grindability decreases with increasing speed and may even drop to zero while mill is running. It is also observed that grindability has close relationship with ore properties especially hardness and compressive strength. It should be noted that the inefficiency factors for the grinding are not considered in these results.

show abstract

The influence of grinding mechanism on the liberation characteristics of clinker minerals

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Investigation of microcrack formation in vanadium-titanium magnetite using different crushing processes

Investigation of microcrack formation in vanadium-titanium magnetite using different crushing processes

Mineral Liberation and Particle Breakage in Stirred Mills

Comparative Analysis of Autogenous and Media Assisted Grindability of a Copper and Manganese Ores

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About